GALEN PHARMACOLOGY FULL SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS AND GRADING
▶ What defies isolated systolic hypertension in elderly adults?
A. High DBP and low SBP
B. Only low BP at night
C. Elevated SBP with Normal DBP
D. BP only rises with exertion Answer: C. Elevated SBP with Normal DBP
▶ Which of the following patients would best benefit from Ambulatory BP
Monitoring (ABPM)?
A. A normotensive patient
B. A patient with suspected white coat hypertension
C. A child with stable BP
D. A patient with normal BP readings Answer: B. A patient with suspected
white coat hypertension
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for Nighttime BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: C. > 125/75 mmHg
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for 24 hrs BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: A. > 135/85
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for Daytime BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: B. > 140/90
,▶ What term describes tailoring medication timing to improve nighttime BP
control?
A. Chronotherapy
B. Biofeedback
C. Pulse Monitoring
D. Sleep-phase dosing Answer: A. Chronotherapy
▶ Which organ is affected by hypertensive retinopathy?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Heart
D. Eyes Answer: D. Eyes
▶ Which is a clinical sign of hypertensive retinopathy?
A. Cotton wool spots
B. Cherry red Macula
C. Red Reflex
D. Yellow Sclera Answer: A. Cotton wool spots
▶ Which of the following lab values indicates early chronic kidney disease
due to hypertension?
A. Creatinine < 0.5
B. GFR < 60
C. GFR > 90
D. BUN < 10 Answer: B. GFR < 60
▶ At what point would you refer the patient to Nephrology?
A. GFR < 90
B. GFR < 75
C. GFR < 60
D. GFR < 40 Answer: D. GFR < 40
▶ Patient come in with elevated blood pressure, they have shortness of
breath, fatigue, dizziness, and some heart palpitations. These symptoms
,are a result of Left Ventricular hypertrophy. Which of the following
medications are most effective in reducing LVH?
A. Metoprolol
B. Amlodipine
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Lisinopril Answer: D. Lisinopril
Ace inhibitors are most effective in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy
most antihypertensives, except direct vasodilators reduce left ventricular
mass
▶ What is a common underreported symptom indicating early
cardiovascular disease in Men?
A. Fatigue
B. Syncope
C. Erectile dysfunction
D. Palpitations Answer: C. Erectile dysfunction
▶ What defines hypertension Stage I?
A. SBP > 140 or DBP > 90
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
D. SBP 130-139 or DBP 80-89 Answer: D. SBP 130-139 or DBP 80-89
▶ Which readings is a diagnosis's for hypertension made?
A. Initial elevated reading
B. After two and/or more elevated readings
C. After the four elevated reading Answer: B. After two and/or more
elevated readings
▶ What defines a Hypertensive Emergency?
A. Blood pressure of 170/100
B. Blood pressure of 160/100 with fatigue
C. Blood pressure of 150/80 with bradycardia
, D. Blood pressure of 180/121 with dizziness Answer: D. Blood pressure of
180/121 with dizziness
▶ HTN Stage 1
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
▶ Normal BP
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
▶ Elevated HTN
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
▶ HTN Stage 2
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or
equal to 90
▶ How is hypertensive Urgency different from hypertensive emergency?
A. Urgency requires hospitalization
B. Urgency has a lower BP
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS AND GRADING
▶ What defies isolated systolic hypertension in elderly adults?
A. High DBP and low SBP
B. Only low BP at night
C. Elevated SBP with Normal DBP
D. BP only rises with exertion Answer: C. Elevated SBP with Normal DBP
▶ Which of the following patients would best benefit from Ambulatory BP
Monitoring (ABPM)?
A. A normotensive patient
B. A patient with suspected white coat hypertension
C. A child with stable BP
D. A patient with normal BP readings Answer: B. A patient with suspected
white coat hypertension
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for Nighttime BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: C. > 125/75 mmHg
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for 24 hrs BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: A. > 135/85
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for Daytime BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: B. > 140/90
,▶ What term describes tailoring medication timing to improve nighttime BP
control?
A. Chronotherapy
B. Biofeedback
C. Pulse Monitoring
D. Sleep-phase dosing Answer: A. Chronotherapy
▶ Which organ is affected by hypertensive retinopathy?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Heart
D. Eyes Answer: D. Eyes
▶ Which is a clinical sign of hypertensive retinopathy?
A. Cotton wool spots
B. Cherry red Macula
C. Red Reflex
D. Yellow Sclera Answer: A. Cotton wool spots
▶ Which of the following lab values indicates early chronic kidney disease
due to hypertension?
A. Creatinine < 0.5
B. GFR < 60
C. GFR > 90
D. BUN < 10 Answer: B. GFR < 60
▶ At what point would you refer the patient to Nephrology?
A. GFR < 90
B. GFR < 75
C. GFR < 60
D. GFR < 40 Answer: D. GFR < 40
▶ Patient come in with elevated blood pressure, they have shortness of
breath, fatigue, dizziness, and some heart palpitations. These symptoms
,are a result of Left Ventricular hypertrophy. Which of the following
medications are most effective in reducing LVH?
A. Metoprolol
B. Amlodipine
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Lisinopril Answer: D. Lisinopril
Ace inhibitors are most effective in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy
most antihypertensives, except direct vasodilators reduce left ventricular
mass
▶ What is a common underreported symptom indicating early
cardiovascular disease in Men?
A. Fatigue
B. Syncope
C. Erectile dysfunction
D. Palpitations Answer: C. Erectile dysfunction
▶ What defines hypertension Stage I?
A. SBP > 140 or DBP > 90
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
D. SBP 130-139 or DBP 80-89 Answer: D. SBP 130-139 or DBP 80-89
▶ Which readings is a diagnosis's for hypertension made?
A. Initial elevated reading
B. After two and/or more elevated readings
C. After the four elevated reading Answer: B. After two and/or more
elevated readings
▶ What defines a Hypertensive Emergency?
A. Blood pressure of 170/100
B. Blood pressure of 160/100 with fatigue
C. Blood pressure of 150/80 with bradycardia
, D. Blood pressure of 180/121 with dizziness Answer: D. Blood pressure of
180/121 with dizziness
▶ HTN Stage 1
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
▶ Normal BP
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
▶ Elevated HTN
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
▶ HTN Stage 2
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or
equal to 90
▶ How is hypertensive Urgency different from hypertensive emergency?
A. Urgency requires hospitalization
B. Urgency has a lower BP
