Section A: Cell Biology (1–20)
1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
A. Energy production
B. Protein synthesis
C. Regulating entry and exit of substances
D. Storing genetic material
Answer: C
Rationale: The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it controls what enters and leaves the
cell to maintain internal balance (homeostasis).
2. Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, supplying energy for cellular
activities.
3. Ribosomes are responsible for:
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. DNA replication
D. Waste removal
Answer: B
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into amino acid chains, forming proteins.
, 4. Which structure contains DNA in eukaryotic cells?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Lysosome
D. Vacuole
Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus stores genetic material and controls cell activities.
5. Diffusion is best described as:
A. Movement against concentration gradient
B. Movement from high to low concentration
C. Movement requiring ATP
D. Vesicle transport
Answer: B
Rationale: Diffusion is passive movement down a concentration gradient without energy use.
6. Osmosis involves movement of:
A. Proteins
B. Water
C. Glucose
D. Oxygen
Answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
7. Which organelle modifies and packages proteins?
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondria
D. Nucleus
Answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for transport.
8. Prokaryotic cells lack:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cell membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosomes
1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
A. Energy production
B. Protein synthesis
C. Regulating entry and exit of substances
D. Storing genetic material
Answer: C
Rationale: The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it controls what enters and leaves the
cell to maintain internal balance (homeostasis).
2. Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, supplying energy for cellular
activities.
3. Ribosomes are responsible for:
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. DNA replication
D. Waste removal
Answer: B
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into amino acid chains, forming proteins.
, 4. Which structure contains DNA in eukaryotic cells?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Lysosome
D. Vacuole
Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus stores genetic material and controls cell activities.
5. Diffusion is best described as:
A. Movement against concentration gradient
B. Movement from high to low concentration
C. Movement requiring ATP
D. Vesicle transport
Answer: B
Rationale: Diffusion is passive movement down a concentration gradient without energy use.
6. Osmosis involves movement of:
A. Proteins
B. Water
C. Glucose
D. Oxygen
Answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
7. Which organelle modifies and packages proteins?
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondria
D. Nucleus
Answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for transport.
8. Prokaryotic cells lack:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cell membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosomes
