Nursing, 8th Edition, Verified Chapters 1 - 15,
Complete Newest Version
What are the 8 types of clinical reasoning? - answers-Conditional, scientific, procedural, ethical,
diagnostic, pragmatic, interactive, narrative
What are the five levels of mastery? - answers-Novice, advanced beginner, competent,
proficient, expert
What are conundrums associated with being a novice level? - answers--Lack of conceptual
framework
-Uses data driven reasoning, which causes the student to work backwards
-Trial and error until a technique "fits"
3 components of Excellence and Expertise according to Ericcson - answers-*goes beyond
automated experience to deliberate practice*
1. Desired performance goal
2. Representation of how to achieve this goal
3. Representation of the outcome of performance
How to increase competency - answers-Use metacognition, use frameworks, planning, taking
notes, feedback including self-assessment
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