APHY 101 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST 2026 | Questions and
Correct Answers | Ivy Tech Community College Indianapolis |
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Section 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology / Homeostasis (8 questions)
Q1: A patient with diabetes insipidus produces very dilute urine because of a problem
with which hormone? For the APHY 101 midterm at Ivy Tech, remember that this
hormone normally promotes water reabsorption from the collecting ducts back into the
bloodstream.
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [CORRECT]
D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is antidiuretic hormone, or ADH. That’s right because
ADH is produced by the posterior pituitary and acts on the collecting ducts of the
kidneys to promote water reabsorption. Without ADH, water cannot be reabsorbed and
the patient produces large volumes of dilute urine—a hallmark of diabetes insipidus. A
common exam trap is confusing ADH with aldosterone, which acts on the distal
convoluted tubule to regulate sodium and potassium balance, not water reabsorption
directly.
,Q2: A nurse is reviewing a patient’s chart and notes that the right kidney sits slightly
lower than the left kidney. Which anatomical structure explains this positional
difference?
A. The spleen
B. The liver
C. The liver [CORRECT]
D. The stomach
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the liver. That’s right because the liver occupies a large
portion of the the right upper quadrant and pushing the right kidney slightly inferior to
the left kidney. A common exam trap is confusing this with the spleen, which actually
sits on the left side and and does not affect kidney position.
Q3: During a negative feedback loop, the body detects an increase in blood glucose.
Which sequence best describes what happens next?
A. Beta cells stop insulin release, alpha cells increase glucagon, liver releases glucose
B. Beta cells increase insulin release, liver and muscle cells take up glucose, blood
glucose decreases
C. Beta cells increase insulin release, liver and muscle cells take up glucose, blood
glucose decreases [CORRECT]
D. Beta cells stop insulin release, glycogenolysis increases, blood glucose rises
,Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is that beta cells increase insulin release, which promotes
glucose uptake by liver and muscle cells, causing blood glucose to decrease. That’s
right because negative feedback means the response opposes the original
stimulus—high blood glucose triggers a response that lowers it. A common exam trap is
confusing negative feedback with positive feedback, where the response amplifies the
original stimulus.
Q4: A medical student is examining a tissue sample under a microscope. The cells
appear flattened, arranged in a single layer, and are involved in rapid diffusion and
filtration. Which tissue type is this?
A. Simple cuboidal epithelium
B. Simple squamous epithelium
C. Simple squamous epithelium [CORRECT]
D. Simple columnar epithelium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is simple squamous epithelium. That’s right because this
tissue consists of a single layer of flat cells perfectly designed for diffusion and
filtration. A common exam trap is confusing simple squamous with stratified
squamous, which has multiple layers and is found in areas needing protection like the
skin.
Q5: A patient presents with a blood pressure reading of 142/92 mmHg. Which
homeostatic mechanism is primarily responsible for restoring normal blood pressure?
, A. Baroreceptor reflex, which triggers vasodilation and decreased heart rate
B. Baroreceptor reflex, which triggers vasodilation and decreased heart rate
C. Baroreceptor reflex, which triggers vasodilation and decreased heart rate [CORRECT]
D. Chemoreceptor reflex, which triggers increased respiratory rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the baroreceptor reflex, which triggers vasodilation and
decreased heart rate. That’s right because baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic
arch detect increased pressure and send signals to the medulla to decrease
sympathetic tone, causing vasodilation and bradycardia to lower blood pressure. A
common exam trap is confusing baroreceptors with chemoreceptors, which respond to
changes in blood chemistry like CO2, oxygen, and pH—not pressure.
Q6: A student is reviewing directional terms for the APHY 101 midterm at Ivy Tech.
Which directional pair means “toward the midline of the body”?
A. Proximal / Distal
B. Medial / Lateral
C. Medial / Lateral [CORRECT]
D. Anterior / Posterior
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is medial/lateral. That’s right because medial means
toward the midline of the body, while lateral means away from the midline. A common
Correct Answers | Ivy Tech Community College Indianapolis |
Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Section 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology / Homeostasis (8 questions)
Q1: A patient with diabetes insipidus produces very dilute urine because of a problem
with which hormone? For the APHY 101 midterm at Ivy Tech, remember that this
hormone normally promotes water reabsorption from the collecting ducts back into the
bloodstream.
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [CORRECT]
D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is antidiuretic hormone, or ADH. That’s right because
ADH is produced by the posterior pituitary and acts on the collecting ducts of the
kidneys to promote water reabsorption. Without ADH, water cannot be reabsorbed and
the patient produces large volumes of dilute urine—a hallmark of diabetes insipidus. A
common exam trap is confusing ADH with aldosterone, which acts on the distal
convoluted tubule to regulate sodium and potassium balance, not water reabsorption
directly.
,Q2: A nurse is reviewing a patient’s chart and notes that the right kidney sits slightly
lower than the left kidney. Which anatomical structure explains this positional
difference?
A. The spleen
B. The liver
C. The liver [CORRECT]
D. The stomach
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the liver. That’s right because the liver occupies a large
portion of the the right upper quadrant and pushing the right kidney slightly inferior to
the left kidney. A common exam trap is confusing this with the spleen, which actually
sits on the left side and and does not affect kidney position.
Q3: During a negative feedback loop, the body detects an increase in blood glucose.
Which sequence best describes what happens next?
A. Beta cells stop insulin release, alpha cells increase glucagon, liver releases glucose
B. Beta cells increase insulin release, liver and muscle cells take up glucose, blood
glucose decreases
C. Beta cells increase insulin release, liver and muscle cells take up glucose, blood
glucose decreases [CORRECT]
D. Beta cells stop insulin release, glycogenolysis increases, blood glucose rises
,Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is that beta cells increase insulin release, which promotes
glucose uptake by liver and muscle cells, causing blood glucose to decrease. That’s
right because negative feedback means the response opposes the original
stimulus—high blood glucose triggers a response that lowers it. A common exam trap is
confusing negative feedback with positive feedback, where the response amplifies the
original stimulus.
Q4: A medical student is examining a tissue sample under a microscope. The cells
appear flattened, arranged in a single layer, and are involved in rapid diffusion and
filtration. Which tissue type is this?
A. Simple cuboidal epithelium
B. Simple squamous epithelium
C. Simple squamous epithelium [CORRECT]
D. Simple columnar epithelium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is simple squamous epithelium. That’s right because this
tissue consists of a single layer of flat cells perfectly designed for diffusion and
filtration. A common exam trap is confusing simple squamous with stratified
squamous, which has multiple layers and is found in areas needing protection like the
skin.
Q5: A patient presents with a blood pressure reading of 142/92 mmHg. Which
homeostatic mechanism is primarily responsible for restoring normal blood pressure?
, A. Baroreceptor reflex, which triggers vasodilation and decreased heart rate
B. Baroreceptor reflex, which triggers vasodilation and decreased heart rate
C. Baroreceptor reflex, which triggers vasodilation and decreased heart rate [CORRECT]
D. Chemoreceptor reflex, which triggers increased respiratory rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the baroreceptor reflex, which triggers vasodilation and
decreased heart rate. That’s right because baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic
arch detect increased pressure and send signals to the medulla to decrease
sympathetic tone, causing vasodilation and bradycardia to lower blood pressure. A
common exam trap is confusing baroreceptors with chemoreceptors, which respond to
changes in blood chemistry like CO2, oxygen, and pH—not pressure.
Q6: A student is reviewing directional terms for the APHY 101 midterm at Ivy Tech.
Which directional pair means “toward the midline of the body”?
A. Proximal / Distal
B. Medial / Lateral
C. Medial / Lateral [CORRECT]
D. Anterior / Posterior
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is medial/lateral. That’s right because medial means
toward the midline of the body, while lateral means away from the midline. A common
