PSYCH 1X03: Classical Conditioning
Final Exam and All Correct Answers.
Conditioned response (CR) - Answer Automatic response established by training to a once
neutral stimulus
Conditioned stimulus (CS) - Answer A previously neutral stimulus that after becoming
associated with the US, now triggers a conditioned response
Conditioning trials - Answer Training trials; trials where the CS and US are presented
together to build an association between them
Contiguity - Answer Extent to which the unconditional and conditioned stimuli occur
together in time and space
Dishabituation - Answer An increase in responding that follows a change in the stimulus to
which habituation has occurs
Drug tolerance - Answer The decreased effectiveness of a drug over the course of repeated
administration
Excitatory conditioning - Answer The presence of the CS predicts the presence of the US
Extinction - Answer When the CS no longer elicits the CR
How do you cause extinction? - Answer Present the CS alone repeatedly
Extinction trial - Answer CS is repeatedly presented alone; where extinction is implemented
Habituation - Answer A decrease in response to a stimulus or event as it is repeatedly
presented without any consequence
Higher-order conditioning - Answer A stimulus that was previously neutral is paired with a CS
to produce the same reaction as the CS it was paired with
Homeostasis - Answer Maintaining the body's internal equilibrium
, Inhibitory conditioning - Answer The presence of the CS predicts the absence of the US
Learning - Answer The relatively enduring change in the mechanisms of behaviour the
occurs due to experience
Orienting response - Answer An automatic shift of attention towards a stimulus or event
Reacquistion - Answer The reintroduction of conditioning trials after extinction has occured
Sensitization - Answer An increase of response to a stimulus or event as it is repeatedly
presented
Spontaneous recovery - Answer Re-emergence of a previously extinguished CS after a delay
Stimulus discrimination - Answer Ability to fine-tune responses such that a CR occurs to one
but not other, similar stimuli
Stimulus generalization - Answer CR is elicited by stimuli that are similar to the CS
Test trials - Answer CS is presented by itself to demonstrate that conditioning has taken place
Unconditional - Answer Relationship between a stimulus and response is not conditional
upon any prior learning, meaning that it happens independently of previous experience
Unconditioned response (UR) - Answer A biologically determined reflex that can be elicited
in the absence of any prior learning
Unconditioned stimulus (US) - Answer A stimulus that elicits an unconditional response (UR)
Explain drug tolerance - Answer Environment in which drug is administered becomes
associated with the process of administration and counteraction
The environment itself begins to elicit anticipatory responses (body preps to compensate for
drug effects)
In a foreign environment, the body does not produce these compensatory responses because it
does not get the environmental cues
Final Exam and All Correct Answers.
Conditioned response (CR) - Answer Automatic response established by training to a once
neutral stimulus
Conditioned stimulus (CS) - Answer A previously neutral stimulus that after becoming
associated with the US, now triggers a conditioned response
Conditioning trials - Answer Training trials; trials where the CS and US are presented
together to build an association between them
Contiguity - Answer Extent to which the unconditional and conditioned stimuli occur
together in time and space
Dishabituation - Answer An increase in responding that follows a change in the stimulus to
which habituation has occurs
Drug tolerance - Answer The decreased effectiveness of a drug over the course of repeated
administration
Excitatory conditioning - Answer The presence of the CS predicts the presence of the US
Extinction - Answer When the CS no longer elicits the CR
How do you cause extinction? - Answer Present the CS alone repeatedly
Extinction trial - Answer CS is repeatedly presented alone; where extinction is implemented
Habituation - Answer A decrease in response to a stimulus or event as it is repeatedly
presented without any consequence
Higher-order conditioning - Answer A stimulus that was previously neutral is paired with a CS
to produce the same reaction as the CS it was paired with
Homeostasis - Answer Maintaining the body's internal equilibrium
, Inhibitory conditioning - Answer The presence of the CS predicts the absence of the US
Learning - Answer The relatively enduring change in the mechanisms of behaviour the
occurs due to experience
Orienting response - Answer An automatic shift of attention towards a stimulus or event
Reacquistion - Answer The reintroduction of conditioning trials after extinction has occured
Sensitization - Answer An increase of response to a stimulus or event as it is repeatedly
presented
Spontaneous recovery - Answer Re-emergence of a previously extinguished CS after a delay
Stimulus discrimination - Answer Ability to fine-tune responses such that a CR occurs to one
but not other, similar stimuli
Stimulus generalization - Answer CR is elicited by stimuli that are similar to the CS
Test trials - Answer CS is presented by itself to demonstrate that conditioning has taken place
Unconditional - Answer Relationship between a stimulus and response is not conditional
upon any prior learning, meaning that it happens independently of previous experience
Unconditioned response (UR) - Answer A biologically determined reflex that can be elicited
in the absence of any prior learning
Unconditioned stimulus (US) - Answer A stimulus that elicits an unconditional response (UR)
Explain drug tolerance - Answer Environment in which drug is administered becomes
associated with the process of administration and counteraction
The environment itself begins to elicit anticipatory responses (body preps to compensate for
drug effects)
In a foreign environment, the body does not produce these compensatory responses because it
does not get the environmental cues
