HOSA Pathophysiology Final Exam
with Actual Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Edema - Answer excess amount of tissue fluid that causes swelling of the tissues
Albino - Answer a person with an absence of color pigments
Erythema - Answer reddish color of the skin caused by either burns or congestion of blood in
the vessels
Jaundice - Answer yellow discoloration of the skin that can inficate bile in the blood as a
result of liver or gallbladder disease
Cyanosis - Answer bluish discoloration of the skin caused by insufficient oxygen
Macule - Answer (skin eruption) flat spots such as freckles
Papule - Answer (skin eruption) firm, raised areas such as pimples and the eruptions seen in
some stages of chickenpox and syphilis
Vesicle - Answer (skin eruption) blisters, or fluid-filled sacs, such as those seen in chickenpox
Pustules - Answer (skin eruption) pus-filled sacs such as those seen in acne, or pimples
Crusts - Answer areas of dried pus and blood, commonly scabs
Wheals - Answer itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape; hives and insect bites are
examples
Ulcer - Answer a deep loss of skin surface that may extend into dermis; may cause periodic
bleeding and the formation of scars. Also an open sore in the lining of the digestive tract whose
major cause is the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori that burrows into stomach membranes
Cyst - Answer a closed sac with a distinct membrane that develops abnormally in a body
structure; usually filled with a semisolid material
, Acne Vulgaris - Answer inflammation of the sebaceous glands causing papules, pustules, and
blackheads
Athlete's Foot - Answer contagious fungal infection that usually affects the feet. The skin
itches, blisters and cracks into open sores
Skin Cancer - Answer The most common type of cancer with three different types. Basal cell
carcinoma is cancer of the basal cells in the epidermis. Squamous cell carcinoma affects the thin
cells of the epithelium but can spread. Melanoma develops in the melanocytes of the epidermis
and is the most dangerous.
Dermatitis - Answer inflammation of the skin caused by anything that can irritate it
Eczema - Answer noncontagious, inflammatory dermatitis caused by an allergen or irritant
Impetigo - Answer highly contagious skin infection usually caused by streptococci or
staphylococci and mainly affects children. Symptoms include red lesions on the face
Psoriasis - Answer chronic, noncontagious skin disease with periods of exacerbation and
remission. Symptoms include thick, red areas covered with white scales
Ringworm - Answer is a highly contagious fungal infection of skin or scalp causing flat or
raised circular areas with healthy-looking insides surrounded by itchy, scaly outer rings
Verrucea - Answer (warts) is a highly contagious fungal infection caused by HPV with hard,
rounded surfaces that can be removed with cryotherapy
Arthritis - Answer inflammation of the joints. Osteoarthritis is the common form which is
usually caused by aging and affects the hips and knees. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune
chronic inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue and joints
Bursitis - Answer inflammation of the bursae which are small, fluid-filled sacs surrounding
the joints. This usually affects joints most frequently used
Fracture - Answer crack or break in the bones that must be properly realigned (reduction) for
healing
Osteomyelitis - Answer bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic organism which
causes abscess in the bone and accumulation of pus in the medullary canal
with Actual Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Edema - Answer excess amount of tissue fluid that causes swelling of the tissues
Albino - Answer a person with an absence of color pigments
Erythema - Answer reddish color of the skin caused by either burns or congestion of blood in
the vessels
Jaundice - Answer yellow discoloration of the skin that can inficate bile in the blood as a
result of liver or gallbladder disease
Cyanosis - Answer bluish discoloration of the skin caused by insufficient oxygen
Macule - Answer (skin eruption) flat spots such as freckles
Papule - Answer (skin eruption) firm, raised areas such as pimples and the eruptions seen in
some stages of chickenpox and syphilis
Vesicle - Answer (skin eruption) blisters, or fluid-filled sacs, such as those seen in chickenpox
Pustules - Answer (skin eruption) pus-filled sacs such as those seen in acne, or pimples
Crusts - Answer areas of dried pus and blood, commonly scabs
Wheals - Answer itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape; hives and insect bites are
examples
Ulcer - Answer a deep loss of skin surface that may extend into dermis; may cause periodic
bleeding and the formation of scars. Also an open sore in the lining of the digestive tract whose
major cause is the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori that burrows into stomach membranes
Cyst - Answer a closed sac with a distinct membrane that develops abnormally in a body
structure; usually filled with a semisolid material
, Acne Vulgaris - Answer inflammation of the sebaceous glands causing papules, pustules, and
blackheads
Athlete's Foot - Answer contagious fungal infection that usually affects the feet. The skin
itches, blisters and cracks into open sores
Skin Cancer - Answer The most common type of cancer with three different types. Basal cell
carcinoma is cancer of the basal cells in the epidermis. Squamous cell carcinoma affects the thin
cells of the epithelium but can spread. Melanoma develops in the melanocytes of the epidermis
and is the most dangerous.
Dermatitis - Answer inflammation of the skin caused by anything that can irritate it
Eczema - Answer noncontagious, inflammatory dermatitis caused by an allergen or irritant
Impetigo - Answer highly contagious skin infection usually caused by streptococci or
staphylococci and mainly affects children. Symptoms include red lesions on the face
Psoriasis - Answer chronic, noncontagious skin disease with periods of exacerbation and
remission. Symptoms include thick, red areas covered with white scales
Ringworm - Answer is a highly contagious fungal infection of skin or scalp causing flat or
raised circular areas with healthy-looking insides surrounded by itchy, scaly outer rings
Verrucea - Answer (warts) is a highly contagious fungal infection caused by HPV with hard,
rounded surfaces that can be removed with cryotherapy
Arthritis - Answer inflammation of the joints. Osteoarthritis is the common form which is
usually caused by aging and affects the hips and knees. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune
chronic inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue and joints
Bursitis - Answer inflammation of the bursae which are small, fluid-filled sacs surrounding
the joints. This usually affects joints most frequently used
Fracture - Answer crack or break in the bones that must be properly realigned (reduction) for
healing
Osteomyelitis - Answer bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic organism which
causes abscess in the bone and accumulation of pus in the medullary canal
