Molecular Diagnostics Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!

Molecular Diagnostics

Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!



1. What are the three main components of a nucleotide?
A. Sugar, lipid, phosphate
B. Phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
C. Amino acid, base, sugar
D. Protein, sugar, phosphate
Answer: B. Phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base


2. Which sugar is found in DNA?
A. Ribose
B. Deoxyribose
C. Glucose
D. Fructose
Answer: B. Deoxyribose


3. Which sugar is found in RNA?
A. Deoxyribose
B. Ribose
C. Lactose
D. Galactose
Answer: B. Ribose

,4. The phosphate group of a nucleotide is attached to which carbon?
A. C1′
B. C2′
C. C3′
D. C5′
Answer: D. C5′


5. The hydroxyl group important for chain elongation is located at:
A. 1′ carbon
B. 2′ carbon
C. 3′ carbon
D. 5′ carbon
Answer: C. 3′ carbon


6. The nitrogenous base in a nucleotide is attached to:
A. C1′
B. C2′
C. C3′
D. C5′
Answer: A. C1′


7. The presence of a 2′ hydroxyl group indicates the molecule is:
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Protein
D. Lipid
Answer: B. RNA

,8. The absence of a 2′ hydroxyl group indicates the molecule is:
A. RNA
B. DNA
C. Protein
D. Carbohydrate
Answer: B. DNA


9. Which bases are purines?
A. Cytosine and thymine
B. Adenine and guanine
C. Uracil and thymine
D. Cytosine and adenine
Answer: B. Adenine and guanine


10.Which bases are pyrimidines?
A. Adenine and guanine
B. Cytosine and thymine
C. Guanine and thymine
D. Adenine and cytosine
Answer: B. Cytosine and thymine
11.Which findings are characteristic of hereditary hemochromatosis?
A. Anemia and bleeding
B. Skin pigmentation, liver dysfunction, diabetes, cardiomyopathy
C. Kidney failure only
D. Respiratory distress
Answer: B


12.Hereditary hemochromatosis is caused by:
A. Copper accumulation
B. Iron accumulation

, C. Calcium deficiency
D. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Answer: B


13.The inheritance pattern of hereditary hemochromatosis is:
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
C. X-linked dominant
D. Mitochondrial
Answer: B


14.Which gene is associated with hereditary hemochromatosis?
A. BRCA1
B. HFE
C. TP53
D. APC
Answer: B


15.The HFE gene primarily functions to:
A. Repair DNA
B. Detect iron levels and regulate hepcidin production
C. Produce hemoglobin
D. Activate oncogenes
Answer: B


16.Which variants of the HFE gene are associated with hereditary
hemochromatosis?
A. C282Y, H63D, S65C
B. BRCA1, BRCA2