Cardiovascular Exam 2 - General,
Dysrhythmias, Escape Rooms, Labs &
Kahoot
s/s of Deep Vein Thrombosis
- pain
- swelling
- tenderness
- discoloration
- redness
- warmth
Diagnosis of DVT
- pre-risk probability testing
- D-dimer
- compression ultrasonography
Prevention of DVT
- ambulation especially post-op
- venous thromboembolism prophylaxis
- low molecular weight heparin
Medications for DVT
- unfractionated heparin
- low molecular weight heparin (lovenox)
- warfarin (coumadin)
- direct factor Xa inhibitors (eliquis, xarelto)
surgical management for DVT
- thrombectomy
- balloon angioplasty
- stent placement
- vena cava interruption
surgical management rarely used unless there is a massive
,occlusion that does not respond to medical treatment and the
thrombus is within 1-2 days of onset
complications of DVT
- pulmonary embolism (PE)- clot travels to the heart and then the
lungs
- post- thrombotic syndrome
nursing diagnoses for DVT
- ineffective tissue perfusion
- acute pain
- risk for impaired physical mobility
Nursing Interventions for DVT
- early ambulation
- leg elevation
- compression stockings
- avoid SCDs: cause thrombus to break away
- encourage adequate fluid intake
- administer medications as ordered
Nursing Assessments for DVTs
- vital signs (hypotension, ST, and decreased SPO2 could
indicate PE or bleeding)
- assess extremity (pain, tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling)
- compare right and left extremity
- gentle palpation
- assess D-dimer, INR/PT/aPTT
- s/s of bleeding
Teaching for DVT
- prevention: early ambulation, active leg exercises, adequate
fluid intake, avoid constricting clothing/sitting with knees bent or
legs crossed/standing long periods
- s/s bleeding: easy or unexplained bruising, bloody stools,
petechia
- compliance with lab monitor and medication regimen to help
reduce bleeding risk
- safety precautions to help prevent bleeding
,Pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
s/s of pericarditis
- pleuritic chest pain
- new or worsening pericardial effusion
- ECG changes
- fever
- decreased cardiac output
Dx of pericarditis
- ECG
- chest x-ray
- echocardiogram
- cardiac CT scan
- MRI
Medications for pericarditis
- goals of medication therapy are to alleviate pain and stop
inflammatory process
- aspirin
- NSAIDs
-anti-inflammatories (colchicine)
complications of pericarditis
- pericardial effusion
- accumulation of fluid in pericardial space
- cardiac tamponade
nursing diagnsosis for pericarditis
- chest pain
- decreased cardiac output
- decreased tissue perfusion
- activity intolerance
Nursing assessments
- vital signs
- pain
- auscultate heart sounds
- ECG
, nursing actions for pericarditis
- keep head of bed elevate
- administer meds as ordered
- provide emotional support
teaching for pericarditis
- avoid strenuous activities
- distinguish between pericarditis and heart attack
infective endocarditis s/s
- osler's nodes
- janeway lesions
- splinter hemorrhage
- murmur
- fever
- fatigue
- confusion
diagnosis of infective endocarditis
- blood cultures (2 sets from different sites)
- echocardiogram
- elevated white blood cell count
medications for infective endocarditis
- IV antibiotic therapy (4 - 6 weeks)
- prophylactic oral antimicrobial agents
surgical management for infective endocarditis
- valve repair or replacement
- removal of infected tissue
- significant risk involved
complications of infective endocarditis
- embolic events
- TIA or stroke- from emboli
- pulmonary emboli
- heart failure
- dysrhythmia
assessment of infective endocarditis
Dysrhythmias, Escape Rooms, Labs &
Kahoot
s/s of Deep Vein Thrombosis
- pain
- swelling
- tenderness
- discoloration
- redness
- warmth
Diagnosis of DVT
- pre-risk probability testing
- D-dimer
- compression ultrasonography
Prevention of DVT
- ambulation especially post-op
- venous thromboembolism prophylaxis
- low molecular weight heparin
Medications for DVT
- unfractionated heparin
- low molecular weight heparin (lovenox)
- warfarin (coumadin)
- direct factor Xa inhibitors (eliquis, xarelto)
surgical management for DVT
- thrombectomy
- balloon angioplasty
- stent placement
- vena cava interruption
surgical management rarely used unless there is a massive
,occlusion that does not respond to medical treatment and the
thrombus is within 1-2 days of onset
complications of DVT
- pulmonary embolism (PE)- clot travels to the heart and then the
lungs
- post- thrombotic syndrome
nursing diagnoses for DVT
- ineffective tissue perfusion
- acute pain
- risk for impaired physical mobility
Nursing Interventions for DVT
- early ambulation
- leg elevation
- compression stockings
- avoid SCDs: cause thrombus to break away
- encourage adequate fluid intake
- administer medications as ordered
Nursing Assessments for DVTs
- vital signs (hypotension, ST, and decreased SPO2 could
indicate PE or bleeding)
- assess extremity (pain, tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling)
- compare right and left extremity
- gentle palpation
- assess D-dimer, INR/PT/aPTT
- s/s of bleeding
Teaching for DVT
- prevention: early ambulation, active leg exercises, adequate
fluid intake, avoid constricting clothing/sitting with knees bent or
legs crossed/standing long periods
- s/s bleeding: easy or unexplained bruising, bloody stools,
petechia
- compliance with lab monitor and medication regimen to help
reduce bleeding risk
- safety precautions to help prevent bleeding
,Pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
s/s of pericarditis
- pleuritic chest pain
- new or worsening pericardial effusion
- ECG changes
- fever
- decreased cardiac output
Dx of pericarditis
- ECG
- chest x-ray
- echocardiogram
- cardiac CT scan
- MRI
Medications for pericarditis
- goals of medication therapy are to alleviate pain and stop
inflammatory process
- aspirin
- NSAIDs
-anti-inflammatories (colchicine)
complications of pericarditis
- pericardial effusion
- accumulation of fluid in pericardial space
- cardiac tamponade
nursing diagnsosis for pericarditis
- chest pain
- decreased cardiac output
- decreased tissue perfusion
- activity intolerance
Nursing assessments
- vital signs
- pain
- auscultate heart sounds
- ECG
, nursing actions for pericarditis
- keep head of bed elevate
- administer meds as ordered
- provide emotional support
teaching for pericarditis
- avoid strenuous activities
- distinguish between pericarditis and heart attack
infective endocarditis s/s
- osler's nodes
- janeway lesions
- splinter hemorrhage
- murmur
- fever
- fatigue
- confusion
diagnosis of infective endocarditis
- blood cultures (2 sets from different sites)
- echocardiogram
- elevated white blood cell count
medications for infective endocarditis
- IV antibiotic therapy (4 - 6 weeks)
- prophylactic oral antimicrobial agents
surgical management for infective endocarditis
- valve repair or replacement
- removal of infected tissue
- significant risk involved
complications of infective endocarditis
- embolic events
- TIA or stroke- from emboli
- pulmonary emboli
- heart failure
- dysrhythmia
assessment of infective endocarditis
