NR507 FINAL EXAM – COMPREHENSIVE ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
2026 REVIEW WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
(CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY UPDATED
Question 1
pts
What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which
no new cardiac potential can be propagated?
Correct!
Refractory
Threshold
,Sinoatrial (SA)
Hyperpolarization
During the refractory period, no new cardiac action potential can be initiated by a stimulus. This
selection is the only option that accurately identifies the period described in the question.
106/58 mm Hg
104/55 mm Hg
112/62 mm Hg
121/70 mm Hg
The suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9- year-old child is 106/58 mm Hg. For a child
of 6 to 7 years old, 104/55 mm Hg is appropriate; for a 12- to 13-year-old child, 112/62 mm Hg
is appropriate, and for a 16- to 18-year-old young man, 121/70 mm Hg is appropriate.
,Question 3
pts
Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?
Yeast
Correct!
Cancer cells
Fungus
Bacteria
Of the options provided, endogenous antigens include only those uniquely produced by
cancerous cells.
Question 4
pts
An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second
and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second
heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart
defect?
, Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Correct!
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Because most children with ASD are asymptomatic, diagnosis is usually made during a routine
physical examination by the auscultation of a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur
that reflects increased blood flow through the pulmonary valve. The location of the murmur is
between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed
splitting of the second heart sound is also characteristic of ASD, reflecting volume overload to
the right ventricle and causing prolonged ejection time and a delay of pulmonic valve closure.
The presentations of other congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described
symptoms.
Question 5
pts
Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?
Correct!
Hypocalcemia
2026 REVIEW WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
(CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY UPDATED
Question 1
pts
What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which
no new cardiac potential can be propagated?
Correct!
Refractory
Threshold
,Sinoatrial (SA)
Hyperpolarization
During the refractory period, no new cardiac action potential can be initiated by a stimulus. This
selection is the only option that accurately identifies the period described in the question.
106/58 mm Hg
104/55 mm Hg
112/62 mm Hg
121/70 mm Hg
The suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9- year-old child is 106/58 mm Hg. For a child
of 6 to 7 years old, 104/55 mm Hg is appropriate; for a 12- to 13-year-old child, 112/62 mm Hg
is appropriate, and for a 16- to 18-year-old young man, 121/70 mm Hg is appropriate.
,Question 3
pts
Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?
Yeast
Correct!
Cancer cells
Fungus
Bacteria
Of the options provided, endogenous antigens include only those uniquely produced by
cancerous cells.
Question 4
pts
An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second
and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second
heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart
defect?
, Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Correct!
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Because most children with ASD are asymptomatic, diagnosis is usually made during a routine
physical examination by the auscultation of a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur
that reflects increased blood flow through the pulmonary valve. The location of the murmur is
between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed
splitting of the second heart sound is also characteristic of ASD, reflecting volume overload to
the right ventricle and causing prolonged ejection time and a delay of pulmonic valve closure.
The presentations of other congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described
symptoms.
Question 5
pts
Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?
Correct!
Hypocalcemia
