TBD: Textiles Finishes
Finishes - answer-purpose of finish: make the fabric more suitable for its intended end
use
-not all finishes produce entirely positive results on treated fabrics
-most finishing processing is performed in the same plants as dyeing or printing
Classification of Finishes - answer-Based on types of inputs
-Based on the degree of permanence
-Based on the purpose
Based on types of Inputs - answer1. Mechanical Finishes (dry finishing)
2. Chemical Finished (wet finishing)
Chemical Finishing (wet finishing) - answer-chemicals are applied to fabric by:
a. Padding: a fabric is passed through a chemical bath; the fabric is squeezed through a
pair of rollers to remove the excess solution
b. Drying
c. Curing
Based on the degree of permanence - answer1. Permanent Finishes
2. Durable Finishes
3. Semi-durable Finishes
4. Temporary Finishes
Permanent Finishes - answereffect will not change or alter throughout the life of a fabric
Durable Finishes - answer-last throughout the life of the article
-Effectiveness becomes diminished after each cleaning
Semi-Durable Finishes - answer-last through several launderings or dry cleanings
-renewable
Temporary Finishes - answer-removed or significantly diminished when the first time an
article is laundered or dry cleaned
Based on the Purpose - answer-Routine Finishes
-Aesthetic Finishes
-Functional Finishes
Routine Finishes - answera. Pretreatment Finishes: prepare greige fabrics to be dyed,
printed, or finished
b. Final Finishes: restore fabrics after dyeing, printing, or finishing processes
, Aesthetic Finishes - answermodify the appearance and/or hand or drape of fabrics
Functional Finishes - answerimprove the performance properties of fabrics
Pretreatment Finishes - answer-desizing
-boil-off/scouring
-bleaching
Desizing - answer-removal of sizing
-Sizing: chemical compounds are added to warp yarns; to provide the warp yarn with
sufficient abrasion resistance during weaving
-desizing: removal of sizing
Boil-off / Scouring - answer-a general term used to refer to the removal of impurities
-similar to ordinary laundering
-fabrics are treated with soaps or detergents, rinsed, and then dried
Bleaching - answer-applying chemical to remove colors from the fabric
-whiten natural fibers (not for wool): make dyed or printed fabrics brighter
-a chemical, durable finish
Final Finishes - answer-Tentering
-Simple Calendering
Tentering - answer-process of drying fabrics to a desired width
-straighten the warp and filling yarns of woven fabrics back at right angles to each other
Tentering Process - answer-the fabric is held firmly at its selvage edges by pins or clips
on the chains of the tendering frame
-passes through a heated chamber: mechanical and temporary finish
Simple Calendering - answer-a mass production of ironing or pressing of the cloth
-performed by passing fabrics through a series of rollers
-mechanical finishing
Functions of Calendering - answer-removes wrinkles from prior operations
-gives the fabric a smooth and slightly more lustrous surface
-a temporary finish
Aesthetic Finishes - answerfinishes that alter luster
-Glazed Calendering (chintz)
-Cire Calendering
-Schreiner Calendering
-Mercerization
Finishes - answer-purpose of finish: make the fabric more suitable for its intended end
use
-not all finishes produce entirely positive results on treated fabrics
-most finishing processing is performed in the same plants as dyeing or printing
Classification of Finishes - answer-Based on types of inputs
-Based on the degree of permanence
-Based on the purpose
Based on types of Inputs - answer1. Mechanical Finishes (dry finishing)
2. Chemical Finished (wet finishing)
Chemical Finishing (wet finishing) - answer-chemicals are applied to fabric by:
a. Padding: a fabric is passed through a chemical bath; the fabric is squeezed through a
pair of rollers to remove the excess solution
b. Drying
c. Curing
Based on the degree of permanence - answer1. Permanent Finishes
2. Durable Finishes
3. Semi-durable Finishes
4. Temporary Finishes
Permanent Finishes - answereffect will not change or alter throughout the life of a fabric
Durable Finishes - answer-last throughout the life of the article
-Effectiveness becomes diminished after each cleaning
Semi-Durable Finishes - answer-last through several launderings or dry cleanings
-renewable
Temporary Finishes - answer-removed or significantly diminished when the first time an
article is laundered or dry cleaned
Based on the Purpose - answer-Routine Finishes
-Aesthetic Finishes
-Functional Finishes
Routine Finishes - answera. Pretreatment Finishes: prepare greige fabrics to be dyed,
printed, or finished
b. Final Finishes: restore fabrics after dyeing, printing, or finishing processes
, Aesthetic Finishes - answermodify the appearance and/or hand or drape of fabrics
Functional Finishes - answerimprove the performance properties of fabrics
Pretreatment Finishes - answer-desizing
-boil-off/scouring
-bleaching
Desizing - answer-removal of sizing
-Sizing: chemical compounds are added to warp yarns; to provide the warp yarn with
sufficient abrasion resistance during weaving
-desizing: removal of sizing
Boil-off / Scouring - answer-a general term used to refer to the removal of impurities
-similar to ordinary laundering
-fabrics are treated with soaps or detergents, rinsed, and then dried
Bleaching - answer-applying chemical to remove colors from the fabric
-whiten natural fibers (not for wool): make dyed or printed fabrics brighter
-a chemical, durable finish
Final Finishes - answer-Tentering
-Simple Calendering
Tentering - answer-process of drying fabrics to a desired width
-straighten the warp and filling yarns of woven fabrics back at right angles to each other
Tentering Process - answer-the fabric is held firmly at its selvage edges by pins or clips
on the chains of the tendering frame
-passes through a heated chamber: mechanical and temporary finish
Simple Calendering - answer-a mass production of ironing or pressing of the cloth
-performed by passing fabrics through a series of rollers
-mechanical finishing
Functions of Calendering - answer-removes wrinkles from prior operations
-gives the fabric a smooth and slightly more lustrous surface
-a temporary finish
Aesthetic Finishes - answerfinishes that alter luster
-Glazed Calendering (chintz)
-Cire Calendering
-Schreiner Calendering
-Mercerization
