NUR 3031 - PATHO FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE.

NUR 3031 - PATHO FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE/NUR 3031 - PATHO FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE. For each disorder/condition listed below, please review: Categories or staging of disorder (when applicable) Main major (broad) topic (if not testing on disorder or disease) Signs and symptoms (clinical manifestations) Genetic considerations (when applicable) Risk factors: modifiable and non-modifiable Pathophysiologic changes Complications Laboratory/Diagnostic Testing (when applicable) Cellular Changes – atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia o Atrophy: decrease in cell size ex: disuse, denervation, loss of endocrine stimulation, inadequate nutrition, ischemia or decreased blood flow o Hypertrophy: increase in cell size, ex: exercise (normal), due to disease (abnormal) o Hyperplasia: increase in number of cells, ex: breast and uterine enlargement in pregnancy (physiologic), regen of liver after hepatectomy (compensatory), excess hormone stimulation, BPH, warts (nonphysiologic), o Metaplasia: reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type, ex: barrets esophagua in gerd o Dysplasia: deranged cell growth that results in cells that vary in size, shape, and organization, ex: dysplastic changes found during pap smear for cervical cancer