BIO 112 ACTUAL EVALUATION GUIDE
2026 GUARANTEED CORRECT GRADED
A+
◉ 5 Assumptions for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. Answer: 1. Large
population
2. no immigration or emigration
3. no genetic mutations
4. Random mating
5. no natural selection
◉ Natural Selection. Answer: when individuals in a population
interact with their environment and, due to their differing genetic
traits, reproduce with varying success.
◉ Gene Pool. Answer: all of the alleles present in a population and
the relative proportions of those alleles
◉ Adaptation. Answer: occurs when selection causes differential
survival of a particular phenotype.
◉ population genetics. Answer: the genetic study of specific
populations
, ◉ Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Answer: model for a sexually
reproducing population that is NOT undergoing any kind of evolution.
◉ Genetic drift. Answer: change in allele frequencies due to the
random process of mating magnified in small populations. leads to a
loss of genetic variation
◉ founder effect. Answer: population founded by a relatively small
group of individuals that do not have the genetic variability of the
original parent population
◉ Bottleneck effect. Answer: occurs when there is a catastrophic
reduction in a population so that the gene pool of the survivors is
adversely affected.
◉ Fixation. Answer: when one allele reaches a frequency 1 within
the population and the other allele is lost. 100% of population is
homozygous for fixed allele
◉ Heterozygote advantage. Answer: when the heterozygous
genotype has an advantage over either of the homozygous
genotypes
, ◉ Recessive Refuge. Answer: phenomenon that enables a
deleterious recessive allele to persist in a gene pool by "hiding out" in
heterozygous individuals
◉ Systematics. Answer: scientific discipline focused on classifying
organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships
◉ Taxonomy. Answer: scientific discipline concerned with naming
and classifying the diverse forms of life
◉ Phylogeny. Answer: evolutionary history of a species or group of
related species
◉ 4 Unifying Theories of biology. Answer: 1. cell theory
2. gene theory
3. theory of inheritance
4. theory of evolution
◉ 3 fundamental concepts of theory of evolution. Answer: 1. species
change over time
2. species are related through descent from a common ancestor
3. biological change is driven by natural forces
◉ 7 areas of evidence for evolution. Answer: 1. fossil record
2026 GUARANTEED CORRECT GRADED
A+
◉ 5 Assumptions for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. Answer: 1. Large
population
2. no immigration or emigration
3. no genetic mutations
4. Random mating
5. no natural selection
◉ Natural Selection. Answer: when individuals in a population
interact with their environment and, due to their differing genetic
traits, reproduce with varying success.
◉ Gene Pool. Answer: all of the alleles present in a population and
the relative proportions of those alleles
◉ Adaptation. Answer: occurs when selection causes differential
survival of a particular phenotype.
◉ population genetics. Answer: the genetic study of specific
populations
, ◉ Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Answer: model for a sexually
reproducing population that is NOT undergoing any kind of evolution.
◉ Genetic drift. Answer: change in allele frequencies due to the
random process of mating magnified in small populations. leads to a
loss of genetic variation
◉ founder effect. Answer: population founded by a relatively small
group of individuals that do not have the genetic variability of the
original parent population
◉ Bottleneck effect. Answer: occurs when there is a catastrophic
reduction in a population so that the gene pool of the survivors is
adversely affected.
◉ Fixation. Answer: when one allele reaches a frequency 1 within
the population and the other allele is lost. 100% of population is
homozygous for fixed allele
◉ Heterozygote advantage. Answer: when the heterozygous
genotype has an advantage over either of the homozygous
genotypes
, ◉ Recessive Refuge. Answer: phenomenon that enables a
deleterious recessive allele to persist in a gene pool by "hiding out" in
heterozygous individuals
◉ Systematics. Answer: scientific discipline focused on classifying
organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships
◉ Taxonomy. Answer: scientific discipline concerned with naming
and classifying the diverse forms of life
◉ Phylogeny. Answer: evolutionary history of a species or group of
related species
◉ 4 Unifying Theories of biology. Answer: 1. cell theory
2. gene theory
3. theory of inheritance
4. theory of evolution
◉ 3 fundamental concepts of theory of evolution. Answer: 1. species
change over time
2. species are related through descent from a common ancestor
3. biological change is driven by natural forces
◉ 7 areas of evidence for evolution. Answer: 1. fossil record
