BIO 112 COMPREHENSIVE FINAL SCRIPT
2026 FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Scientist meaning of theory. Answer: an explanation for a very
general class of phenomena or observations that are supported by a
wide body of evidence
◉ Three great unifying themes of biology. Answer: Cell theory,
Theory of Evolution, Chromosome Theory: Address 3 fundamental
questions
1.) What are organisms made of?
2.) Where do they come from?
3.) How is hereditary info transmitted from one generation to the
next
◉ Observation claiming all organisms made of cells. Answer: Robert
Hooke observing cork under a microscope noticing "pore-like
compartments" that couldn't be seen without the microscope
◉ Two main principles of cell theory. Answer: 1.) All organisms made
of cells
2.) Cells come from preexisting cells
, ◉ Pastuer's Experiment. Answer: Sterilized two nutrient broths in
separate flasks and then tested for cells. Straight neck flask had cells;
swan neck did not (cells got caught in the neck).
◉ Conclusions from Pastuer's Experiment. Answer: If spontaneous
generation hypothesis were true, swan neck would have cells in the
broth. But even after months of letting the broth sit, no cells
appeared; disproved the spontaneous generation hypothesis
◉ How does cell theory relate to the theory of evolution?. Answer:
In multicellular organisms, cells become specialized for complex
processes in the body. In this way, all cells in a multicellular organism
have a common lineage.
◉ Two important claims made by Darwin and Wallace concerning
patterns that exist in the natural world. Answer: 1.) Species are
related by a common ancestor
2.) The characteristics of a species can be modified from generation
to generation (descent with modification)
◉ Define Evolution. Answer: A change in the characteristics of a
population over time
◉ What are the two conditions that must be met for natural
selection to occur?. Answer: 1.) Individuals within a population vary
in heritable characteristics
2026 FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Scientist meaning of theory. Answer: an explanation for a very
general class of phenomena or observations that are supported by a
wide body of evidence
◉ Three great unifying themes of biology. Answer: Cell theory,
Theory of Evolution, Chromosome Theory: Address 3 fundamental
questions
1.) What are organisms made of?
2.) Where do they come from?
3.) How is hereditary info transmitted from one generation to the
next
◉ Observation claiming all organisms made of cells. Answer: Robert
Hooke observing cork under a microscope noticing "pore-like
compartments" that couldn't be seen without the microscope
◉ Two main principles of cell theory. Answer: 1.) All organisms made
of cells
2.) Cells come from preexisting cells
, ◉ Pastuer's Experiment. Answer: Sterilized two nutrient broths in
separate flasks and then tested for cells. Straight neck flask had cells;
swan neck did not (cells got caught in the neck).
◉ Conclusions from Pastuer's Experiment. Answer: If spontaneous
generation hypothesis were true, swan neck would have cells in the
broth. But even after months of letting the broth sit, no cells
appeared; disproved the spontaneous generation hypothesis
◉ How does cell theory relate to the theory of evolution?. Answer:
In multicellular organisms, cells become specialized for complex
processes in the body. In this way, all cells in a multicellular organism
have a common lineage.
◉ Two important claims made by Darwin and Wallace concerning
patterns that exist in the natural world. Answer: 1.) Species are
related by a common ancestor
2.) The characteristics of a species can be modified from generation
to generation (descent with modification)
◉ Define Evolution. Answer: A change in the characteristics of a
population over time
◉ What are the two conditions that must be met for natural
selection to occur?. Answer: 1.) Individuals within a population vary
in heritable characteristics
