Building blocks
Class European platform policies
Introduction to policymaking in Europe
Policy making = process that concerns the interaction between different
actors, the institutional structures within which they work and the
objectives that they pursue
Look at the text, but also how they came to that text
⇒ look at the context, the actors
Ideology driven
→ serving the views of government in a specific context
Policy making = conflict
→ result of power positions, unequal negotiation positions
→ conflictual, yet with a view on consensus
No such thing as an ‘ideal’ policy outcome
→ always unforseen dysfunctions
Policy making = political
Policy problem = how a policy issue area is identified is political bc it
determines who participates in decision making, the rhetorical frames
and operation definitions used, and the resources, and goals,
considered pertinent
Cultural diversity, plurality, freedom
→ either a challenge or policy objective (or not at all)
eg media plurality
→ securing level playing field, competition policy, policies on ownership
(eg CEO media cannot be head of religious group), subsidies for
alternative outlets, quota
Media policy
= dynamic and changing over time
= policy problems are dependent on different contexts
= not only formal, but also informal policy discussions
Building blocks 1
, = combination of (different) instruments exist to address similar policy
problems
= based on conflict striving towards consensus (outcome = compromise)
= often not rational
= path-dependent → decisions often based on those in the past (underlying
infrastructure)
= idealism vs realpolitik (EU is the ultimate compromise, critique)
about media policy principles and the
Media policy behaviour one wants to achieve (eg
cultural diversity & identity, cohesion)
about the specific laws & rule-making (eg
Media regulation European regulation on competition,
national law, directives)
relates to MLG + multi-stakeholder
approach + new regulatory mechanisms
Media governance (soft law, co- and selfregulation) + formal
& informal policy mechanisms and
negotiations
Self-regulation (eg VVJ ipv rechtbank om klacht in te dienen tegen
journalist)
Trend = court cases against journalists to scare them (intimidation strategy)
→ often in countries where freedom of speech is declining
Building blocks 2
Class European platform policies
Introduction to policymaking in Europe
Policy making = process that concerns the interaction between different
actors, the institutional structures within which they work and the
objectives that they pursue
Look at the text, but also how they came to that text
⇒ look at the context, the actors
Ideology driven
→ serving the views of government in a specific context
Policy making = conflict
→ result of power positions, unequal negotiation positions
→ conflictual, yet with a view on consensus
No such thing as an ‘ideal’ policy outcome
→ always unforseen dysfunctions
Policy making = political
Policy problem = how a policy issue area is identified is political bc it
determines who participates in decision making, the rhetorical frames
and operation definitions used, and the resources, and goals,
considered pertinent
Cultural diversity, plurality, freedom
→ either a challenge or policy objective (or not at all)
eg media plurality
→ securing level playing field, competition policy, policies on ownership
(eg CEO media cannot be head of religious group), subsidies for
alternative outlets, quota
Media policy
= dynamic and changing over time
= policy problems are dependent on different contexts
= not only formal, but also informal policy discussions
Building blocks 1
, = combination of (different) instruments exist to address similar policy
problems
= based on conflict striving towards consensus (outcome = compromise)
= often not rational
= path-dependent → decisions often based on those in the past (underlying
infrastructure)
= idealism vs realpolitik (EU is the ultimate compromise, critique)
about media policy principles and the
Media policy behaviour one wants to achieve (eg
cultural diversity & identity, cohesion)
about the specific laws & rule-making (eg
Media regulation European regulation on competition,
national law, directives)
relates to MLG + multi-stakeholder
approach + new regulatory mechanisms
Media governance (soft law, co- and selfregulation) + formal
& informal policy mechanisms and
negotiations
Self-regulation (eg VVJ ipv rechtbank om klacht in te dienen tegen
journalist)
Trend = court cases against journalists to scare them (intimidation strategy)
→ often in countries where freedom of speech is declining
Building blocks 2
