NUR 160 Final Exam 1 Fundamental Concepts of
Practical Nursing II Latest Update 2026/2027
Exam Instructions:
• Source: Hondros College of Nursing
• Total Questions: 150+
• Format: Multiple Choice & Select All That Apply (SATA)
• Topics: Assessment, Communication, Safety, Perioperative Care, Medication Administration, &
Disease Prevention.
Section 1: Foundational Concepts & Just Culture (Q 1-10)
1. A nurse makes an error in medication administration and immediately reports it to the charge
nurse. The charge nurse responds by initiating a root cause analysis. This is an example of which
concept?
A. Punitive action
B. Just Culture
C. Malpractice
D. Negligence
<details> <summary><strong>Answer, Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: B. Just Culture
• Rationale:
o A. Punitive action: Incorrect. Punitive action focuses on blaming the individual rather
than the system.
o B. Just Culture: Correct. This model distinguishes between human error, at-risk
behavior, and reckless behavior. It encourages reporting errors to fix systemic problems
without fear of punishment for unintentional mistakes.
o C. Malpractice: Incorrect. Malpractice is professional negligence.
o D. Negligence: Incorrect. Negligence is failure to act as a reasonable person would,
which doesn't specifically address the organizational response to an error.
,</details>
2. The "Just Culture" model in nursing seeks to balance:
A. The need for disciplinary action with the need to learn from mistakes.
B. The budget constraints of the hospital with staffing ratios.
C. The physician's orders with the patient's wishes.
D. The student nurse's anxiety with the preceptor's expectations.
<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: A. The need for disciplinary action with the need to learn from mistakes.
• Rationale:
o A: Correct. Just Culture holds individuals accountable for reckless behavior but protects
those who report errors or near misses, allowing the organization to learn and improve
systems.
o B, C, D: Incorrect. These are administrative, ethical, or educational issues, not the
definition of Just Culture.
</details>
3. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is responsible for:
A. Creating the National Patient Safety Goals.
B. Promoting workplace safety for healthcare workers.
C. Accrediting nursing schools.
D. Prescribing controlled substances.
<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: B. Promoting workplace safety for healthcare workers.
• Rationale:
o A: Incorrect. The Joint Commission creates National Patient Safety Goals.
o B: Correct. OSHA sets and enforces standards to ensure safe and healthy working
conditions (e.g., bloodborne pathogen standards, handling of hazardous materials).
o C: Incorrect. Accreditation is done by the NLN or ACEN.
o D: Incorrect. Prescribing is the role of providers (MDs, NPs).
</details>
4. A patient asks the nurse, "Do you think I will be okay?" The nurse responds, "Everything will be
fine, don't worry." This is an example of:
A. Open-ended questioning
B. False reassurance
C. Clarifying
D. Empathy
,<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: B. False reassurance
• Rationale:
o A: Incorrect. Open-ended questions require more than a yes/no answer.
o B: Correct. False reassurance dismisses the patient's fears without knowing the actual
prognosis. It invalidates the patient's anxiety.
o C: Incorrect. Clarifying checks for understanding (e.g., "Tell me what you mean by
'okay'").
o D: Incorrect. Empathy is understanding the patient's feelings, not simply cheering them
up.
</details>
5. A patient tells the nurse, "I can't afford this medication." The nurse replies, "Let me make sure I
understand. You are worried about the cost of the prescription?" This is which therapeutic
communication technique?
A. Restating
B. Clarifying
C. Summarizing
D. Giving advice
<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: B. Clarifying
• Rationale:
o A: Incorrect. Restating repeats the exact words (e.g., "You can't afford it").
o B: Correct. Clarifying checks the accuracy of the nurse's interpretation and helps the
patient elaborate on their concerns.
o C: Incorrect. Summarizing reviews the main points of a long conversation.
o D: Incorrect. Giving advice is non-therapeutic.
</details>
6. Which statement best demonstrates the use of silence as a therapeutic communication technique?
A. "I know exactly how you feel."
B. "You should take deep breaths."
C. The nurse remains quiet, allowing the patient to collect their thoughts and continue speaking.
D. "Why did you wait so long to see a doctor?"
<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
, Correct Answer: C. The nurse remains quiet, allowing the patient to collect their thoughts and
continue speaking.
• Rationale:
o A & B: Incorrect. These are non-therapeutic (false reassurance and giving advice).
o C: Correct. Silence gives the patient control of the conversation and time to process
emotions.
o D: Incorrect. "Why" questions often make patients feel defensive.
</details>
7. Who is responsible for completing the initial nursing admission history and physical assessment?
A. Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)
B. Registered Nurse (RN)
C. Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)
D. Unit Secretary
<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: B. Registered Nurse (RN)
• Rationale:
o A: Incorrect. LPNs contribute to data collection but usually do not perform
the initial comprehensive admission assessment.
o B: Correct. The RN has the scope of practice to complete the initial assessment, develop
the care plan, and assign tasks.
o C & D: Incorrect. These roles support data collection but do not perform assessments
independently.
</details>
8. When must the initial nursing assessment be completed after a patient is admitted to a medical-
surgical unit?
A. Within 1 hour
B. Within 8 hours
C. Within 24 hours
D. Before discharge
<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: C. Within 24 hours
• Rationale:
Practical Nursing II Latest Update 2026/2027
Exam Instructions:
• Source: Hondros College of Nursing
• Total Questions: 150+
• Format: Multiple Choice & Select All That Apply (SATA)
• Topics: Assessment, Communication, Safety, Perioperative Care, Medication Administration, &
Disease Prevention.
Section 1: Foundational Concepts & Just Culture (Q 1-10)
1. A nurse makes an error in medication administration and immediately reports it to the charge
nurse. The charge nurse responds by initiating a root cause analysis. This is an example of which
concept?
A. Punitive action
B. Just Culture
C. Malpractice
D. Negligence
<details> <summary><strong>Answer, Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: B. Just Culture
• Rationale:
o A. Punitive action: Incorrect. Punitive action focuses on blaming the individual rather
than the system.
o B. Just Culture: Correct. This model distinguishes between human error, at-risk
behavior, and reckless behavior. It encourages reporting errors to fix systemic problems
without fear of punishment for unintentional mistakes.
o C. Malpractice: Incorrect. Malpractice is professional negligence.
o D. Negligence: Incorrect. Negligence is failure to act as a reasonable person would,
which doesn't specifically address the organizational response to an error.
,</details>
2. The "Just Culture" model in nursing seeks to balance:
A. The need for disciplinary action with the need to learn from mistakes.
B. The budget constraints of the hospital with staffing ratios.
C. The physician's orders with the patient's wishes.
D. The student nurse's anxiety with the preceptor's expectations.
<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: A. The need for disciplinary action with the need to learn from mistakes.
• Rationale:
o A: Correct. Just Culture holds individuals accountable for reckless behavior but protects
those who report errors or near misses, allowing the organization to learn and improve
systems.
o B, C, D: Incorrect. These are administrative, ethical, or educational issues, not the
definition of Just Culture.
</details>
3. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is responsible for:
A. Creating the National Patient Safety Goals.
B. Promoting workplace safety for healthcare workers.
C. Accrediting nursing schools.
D. Prescribing controlled substances.
<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: B. Promoting workplace safety for healthcare workers.
• Rationale:
o A: Incorrect. The Joint Commission creates National Patient Safety Goals.
o B: Correct. OSHA sets and enforces standards to ensure safe and healthy working
conditions (e.g., bloodborne pathogen standards, handling of hazardous materials).
o C: Incorrect. Accreditation is done by the NLN or ACEN.
o D: Incorrect. Prescribing is the role of providers (MDs, NPs).
</details>
4. A patient asks the nurse, "Do you think I will be okay?" The nurse responds, "Everything will be
fine, don't worry." This is an example of:
A. Open-ended questioning
B. False reassurance
C. Clarifying
D. Empathy
,<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: B. False reassurance
• Rationale:
o A: Incorrect. Open-ended questions require more than a yes/no answer.
o B: Correct. False reassurance dismisses the patient's fears without knowing the actual
prognosis. It invalidates the patient's anxiety.
o C: Incorrect. Clarifying checks for understanding (e.g., "Tell me what you mean by
'okay'").
o D: Incorrect. Empathy is understanding the patient's feelings, not simply cheering them
up.
</details>
5. A patient tells the nurse, "I can't afford this medication." The nurse replies, "Let me make sure I
understand. You are worried about the cost of the prescription?" This is which therapeutic
communication technique?
A. Restating
B. Clarifying
C. Summarizing
D. Giving advice
<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: B. Clarifying
• Rationale:
o A: Incorrect. Restating repeats the exact words (e.g., "You can't afford it").
o B: Correct. Clarifying checks the accuracy of the nurse's interpretation and helps the
patient elaborate on their concerns.
o C: Incorrect. Summarizing reviews the main points of a long conversation.
o D: Incorrect. Giving advice is non-therapeutic.
</details>
6. Which statement best demonstrates the use of silence as a therapeutic communication technique?
A. "I know exactly how you feel."
B. "You should take deep breaths."
C. The nurse remains quiet, allowing the patient to collect their thoughts and continue speaking.
D. "Why did you wait so long to see a doctor?"
<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
, Correct Answer: C. The nurse remains quiet, allowing the patient to collect their thoughts and
continue speaking.
• Rationale:
o A & B: Incorrect. These are non-therapeutic (false reassurance and giving advice).
o C: Correct. Silence gives the patient control of the conversation and time to process
emotions.
o D: Incorrect. "Why" questions often make patients feel defensive.
</details>
7. Who is responsible for completing the initial nursing admission history and physical assessment?
A. Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)
B. Registered Nurse (RN)
C. Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)
D. Unit Secretary
<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: B. Registered Nurse (RN)
• Rationale:
o A: Incorrect. LPNs contribute to data collection but usually do not perform
the initial comprehensive admission assessment.
o B: Correct. The RN has the scope of practice to complete the initial assessment, develop
the care plan, and assign tasks.
o C & D: Incorrect. These roles support data collection but do not perform assessments
independently.
</details>
8. When must the initial nursing assessment be completed after a patient is admitted to a medical-
surgical unit?
A. Within 1 hour
B. Within 8 hours
C. Within 24 hours
D. Before discharge
<details> <summary><strong>Answer & Rationale</strong></summary>
Correct Answer: C. Within 24 hours
• Rationale:
