1. Literature & Reading Analysis
At this level, you are moving beyond simple comprehension and into analysis. You need to
understand not just what happens, but why it happens and how the author makes it happen.
Key Plot Elements
Stories follow a specific arc known as the Narrative Structure:
• Exposition: The introduction of characters, setting, and the inciting incident.
• Rising Action: A series of events that build tension and develop the conflict.
• Climax: The turning point of the story; the highest point of tension.
• Falling Action: The events that happen as a result of the climax; tension begins to
decrease.
• Resolution: How the conflict is solved and the story ends.
Figurative Language Cheat Sheet
Device Definition Example
Simile Comparison using "like" or "as" "He is as brave as a lion."
Metaphor Direct comparison without "like/as" "The classroom was a zoo."
Giving human traits to non-human "The wind whispered in the
Personification
things trees."
Hyperbole An extreme exaggeration "I have a million things to do."
Onomatopoeia Words that sound like their meaning "Buzz," "Splash," "Bang."