BIOD 121 Essentials in Nutrition Module 3
Exam Carbohydrate Nutrition Portage
Learning Actual Exam 2026/2027 with
Detailed Rationales | Complete Exam-Style
Questions | Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded
Q1: Which of the following is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in animal tissue?
A. Starch
B. Cellulose
C. Glycogen [CORRECT]
D. Chitin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because glycogen is the storage polysaccharide found in liver and muscle
tissue of animals. This matches the definition of animal carbohydrate storage, whereas starch is
the plant storage form and cellulose is a structural plant polysaccharide.
Q2: A patient with Type 1 diabetes mellitus experiences shakiness, sweating, and confusion during
exercise. Their blood glucose meter reads 58 mg/dL. According to the 15-15 rule, what is the
appropriate first step in management?
A. Administer 1 mg glucagon intramuscularly immediately
B. Give 15 units of rapid-acting insulin subcutaneously
C. Consume 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes [CORRECT]
D. Drink 8 ounces of water and rest for 30 minutes
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: Correct because the 15-15 rule for hypoglycemia (blood glucose <70 mg/dL) specifies
consuming 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate, then rechecking blood glucose in 15 minutes.
Priority is raising blood glucose quickly with readily absorbable carbohydrate before reassessing.
Q3: Which brush border enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing lactose into its constituent
monosaccharides?
A. Sucrase
B. Maltase
C. Lactase [CORRECT]
D. Salivary amylase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because lactase is the brush border enzyme located on the microvilli of the
small intestine that specifically cleaves the β-1,4 glycosidic bond in lactose to yield glucose and
galactose. Salivary amylase is secreted in the mouth and does not function at the brush border.
Q4: The glycemic index of a food is primarily determined by which of the following factors?
A. Total caloric content of the food
B. Protein-to-fat ratio exclusively
C. Rate of digestion and absorption of the carbohydrate [CORRECT]
D. Vitamin and mineral fortification level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because glycemic index measures how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food
raises blood glucose relative to pure glucose, which depends primarily on the rate of digestion and
absorption. This matches the physiological basis of GI classification.
Q5: Which monosaccharide is commonly referred to as "fruit sugar" and is absorbed via facilitated
diffusion through the GLUT5 transporter?
A. Glucose
B. Galactose
C. Fructose [CORRECT]
D. Ribose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because fructose is the monosaccharide found abundantly in fruits and honey,
and it is absorbed across the intestinal brush border via the GLUT5 fructose-specific transporter
through facilitated diffusion, unlike glucose which uses SGLT1.
Exam Carbohydrate Nutrition Portage
Learning Actual Exam 2026/2027 with
Detailed Rationales | Complete Exam-Style
Questions | Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded
Q1: Which of the following is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in animal tissue?
A. Starch
B. Cellulose
C. Glycogen [CORRECT]
D. Chitin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because glycogen is the storage polysaccharide found in liver and muscle
tissue of animals. This matches the definition of animal carbohydrate storage, whereas starch is
the plant storage form and cellulose is a structural plant polysaccharide.
Q2: A patient with Type 1 diabetes mellitus experiences shakiness, sweating, and confusion during
exercise. Their blood glucose meter reads 58 mg/dL. According to the 15-15 rule, what is the
appropriate first step in management?
A. Administer 1 mg glucagon intramuscularly immediately
B. Give 15 units of rapid-acting insulin subcutaneously
C. Consume 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes [CORRECT]
D. Drink 8 ounces of water and rest for 30 minutes
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: Correct because the 15-15 rule for hypoglycemia (blood glucose <70 mg/dL) specifies
consuming 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate, then rechecking blood glucose in 15 minutes.
Priority is raising blood glucose quickly with readily absorbable carbohydrate before reassessing.
Q3: Which brush border enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing lactose into its constituent
monosaccharides?
A. Sucrase
B. Maltase
C. Lactase [CORRECT]
D. Salivary amylase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because lactase is the brush border enzyme located on the microvilli of the
small intestine that specifically cleaves the β-1,4 glycosidic bond in lactose to yield glucose and
galactose. Salivary amylase is secreted in the mouth and does not function at the brush border.
Q4: The glycemic index of a food is primarily determined by which of the following factors?
A. Total caloric content of the food
B. Protein-to-fat ratio exclusively
C. Rate of digestion and absorption of the carbohydrate [CORRECT]
D. Vitamin and mineral fortification level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because glycemic index measures how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food
raises blood glucose relative to pure glucose, which depends primarily on the rate of digestion and
absorption. This matches the physiological basis of GI classification.
Q5: Which monosaccharide is commonly referred to as "fruit sugar" and is absorbed via facilitated
diffusion through the GLUT5 transporter?
A. Glucose
B. Galactose
C. Fructose [CORRECT]
D. Ribose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because fructose is the monosaccharide found abundantly in fruits and honey,
and it is absorbed across the intestinal brush border via the GLUT5 fructose-specific transporter
through facilitated diffusion, unlike glucose which uses SGLT1.
