SOC 100: EXAM #1 (CH 1-5) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Ch 1
Sociology - (answer)The study of human society.
Sociology is the study of human society, and there is the sociology of sports, of religion, of music, of
medicine, even a sociology of sociologists.
Ch 1
Sociological Imagination - (answer)The ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an
individual's life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces.
Sociological imagination, the ability to see the connections between our personal experience and the
larger forces of history.
- This is just what we are doing when we question this textbook, this course, and college in general.
To see our intensely personal, private experience of life as typical of the period and place in which we
live.
This can also serve as a source of comfort, however, helping us realize we are not alone in our
experiences, whether they involve our alienation from the increasingly dog-eat-dog capitalism of
modern America, the peculiar combination of intimacy and dissociation that we may experience on the
internet, or the ways that nationality or geography affect our life choices.
- The sociological imagination thus allows us to see the veneer of social life for what it is and to step
outside the "trap" of rapid historical change in order to comprehend what is occurring in our world and
the social foundations that may be shifting right under our feet.
Both a set of skills and a way of seeing.
Connects our personal experiences to society at large and greater historical forces.
Making the familiar strange
,SOC 100: EXAM #1 (CH 1-5) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
- Allows us to "make the familiar strange," or question habits or customs that seem "natural" to us.
It questions the customs, traditions, habits, norms, and things that feel natural to humans.
Our norms are not static or permanent.
It is a "tool kit" that helps us understand the social world.
It is also a "lens" that is put on that can be hard to take off.
- It shows connections between humans and actions.
- Seeing interconnections between individuals and the society they live in and create.
Looking at the connections between individuals and society "makes t
Ch 1
Social Institution - (answer)A complex group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social
role and reproduce themselves over time; also defined in a narrow sense as any institution in a society
that works to shape the behavior of the groups or people within it.
A college is an institution that acts as a gatekeeper to what are considered legitimate forms of
educational advantage by certifying what is legitimate knowledge.
- It is an institution that segregates great swaths of the population by age.
A social institution is a complex group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social role
and reproduce themselves over time.
- Sometimes institutions even try to rupture their identity intentionally.
- This grand narrative that constitutes social identity is nothing more than the sum of individual stories
told between pairs of individuals.
,SOC 100: EXAM #1 (CH 1-5) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Trying to understand social institutions such as the legal system, the labor market, or language itself is at
the heart of sociological inquiry.
Social institutions are networks of structures in society that work to socialize the groups of people
within them. Examples include:
- The legal system
- The labor market
- The educational system: the military
- The family
ME: Social institutions achieve a certain goals that an individuals on their own wouldn't be able to do.
They are enduring.
- People are in these institutions but consistently move in and out of it.
- Ex: College: students are frequently graduating and moving in.
What Is a Social Institution?
- Example: A college is a social institution
that acts as gatekeeper to "legitimate" forms of education by deciding who can attend.
- That segregates great swaths of the population by age.
- That is a proprietary brand that is marketed on items like
sweatshirts and mugs and through televised sporting events.
- That has an informal
Ch 1
C. Wright Mills - (answer)American sociologist who, with Hans H. Gerth, applied and popularized Max
Weber's theories in the United States.
, SOC 100: EXAM #1 (CH 1-5) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
He also applied Karl Mannheim's theories on the sociology of knowledge to the political thought and
behaviour of intellectuals.
Ch 1
August Comte - (answer)French philosopher known as the founder of sociology and of positivism. Comte
gave the science of sociology its name and established the new subject in a systematic fashion.
According to Comte, positivism arose out of a need to make moral sense of the social order in a time of
declining religious authority.
- Comte claimed that a secular basis for morality did indeed exist—that is, we could determine right and
wrong without reference to higher powers or other religious concepts.
- And that was the job of the sociologist: to develop a secular morality.
Comte further argued that human society had gone through three historical stages with respect to our
understanding of morality.
- In the first, which he referred to as the theological stage, society seemed to be the result of divine will.
- During stage two, which Comte called the metaphysical stage, Enlightenment thinkers such as Jean-
Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and Thomas Hobbes saw humankind's behavior as governed by
natural, biological instincts.
- To understand the nature of society—why things were the way they were—we needed to strip away
the layers of society to better comprehend how our basic drives and natural instincts governed and
established the foundation for the surrounding world.
- Comte called the third and final stage of historical development the scientific stage.
- In this era, he claimed, we would develop a social physics of sorts in order to identify the scientific laws
that govern human behavior.
- The analogy here is not theology or biology but rather physics.
Comte was convinced we could understand how social institutions worked (and didn't work), how we
relate to one another (whether on an individual or group level), and the overall structure of societies if
we merely ascertained their "equations" or underlying logic.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Ch 1
Sociology - (answer)The study of human society.
Sociology is the study of human society, and there is the sociology of sports, of religion, of music, of
medicine, even a sociology of sociologists.
Ch 1
Sociological Imagination - (answer)The ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an
individual's life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces.
Sociological imagination, the ability to see the connections between our personal experience and the
larger forces of history.
- This is just what we are doing when we question this textbook, this course, and college in general.
To see our intensely personal, private experience of life as typical of the period and place in which we
live.
This can also serve as a source of comfort, however, helping us realize we are not alone in our
experiences, whether they involve our alienation from the increasingly dog-eat-dog capitalism of
modern America, the peculiar combination of intimacy and dissociation that we may experience on the
internet, or the ways that nationality or geography affect our life choices.
- The sociological imagination thus allows us to see the veneer of social life for what it is and to step
outside the "trap" of rapid historical change in order to comprehend what is occurring in our world and
the social foundations that may be shifting right under our feet.
Both a set of skills and a way of seeing.
Connects our personal experiences to society at large and greater historical forces.
Making the familiar strange
,SOC 100: EXAM #1 (CH 1-5) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
- Allows us to "make the familiar strange," or question habits or customs that seem "natural" to us.
It questions the customs, traditions, habits, norms, and things that feel natural to humans.
Our norms are not static or permanent.
It is a "tool kit" that helps us understand the social world.
It is also a "lens" that is put on that can be hard to take off.
- It shows connections between humans and actions.
- Seeing interconnections between individuals and the society they live in and create.
Looking at the connections between individuals and society "makes t
Ch 1
Social Institution - (answer)A complex group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social
role and reproduce themselves over time; also defined in a narrow sense as any institution in a society
that works to shape the behavior of the groups or people within it.
A college is an institution that acts as a gatekeeper to what are considered legitimate forms of
educational advantage by certifying what is legitimate knowledge.
- It is an institution that segregates great swaths of the population by age.
A social institution is a complex group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social role
and reproduce themselves over time.
- Sometimes institutions even try to rupture their identity intentionally.
- This grand narrative that constitutes social identity is nothing more than the sum of individual stories
told between pairs of individuals.
,SOC 100: EXAM #1 (CH 1-5) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Trying to understand social institutions such as the legal system, the labor market, or language itself is at
the heart of sociological inquiry.
Social institutions are networks of structures in society that work to socialize the groups of people
within them. Examples include:
- The legal system
- The labor market
- The educational system: the military
- The family
ME: Social institutions achieve a certain goals that an individuals on their own wouldn't be able to do.
They are enduring.
- People are in these institutions but consistently move in and out of it.
- Ex: College: students are frequently graduating and moving in.
What Is a Social Institution?
- Example: A college is a social institution
that acts as gatekeeper to "legitimate" forms of education by deciding who can attend.
- That segregates great swaths of the population by age.
- That is a proprietary brand that is marketed on items like
sweatshirts and mugs and through televised sporting events.
- That has an informal
Ch 1
C. Wright Mills - (answer)American sociologist who, with Hans H. Gerth, applied and popularized Max
Weber's theories in the United States.
, SOC 100: EXAM #1 (CH 1-5) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
He also applied Karl Mannheim's theories on the sociology of knowledge to the political thought and
behaviour of intellectuals.
Ch 1
August Comte - (answer)French philosopher known as the founder of sociology and of positivism. Comte
gave the science of sociology its name and established the new subject in a systematic fashion.
According to Comte, positivism arose out of a need to make moral sense of the social order in a time of
declining religious authority.
- Comte claimed that a secular basis for morality did indeed exist—that is, we could determine right and
wrong without reference to higher powers or other religious concepts.
- And that was the job of the sociologist: to develop a secular morality.
Comte further argued that human society had gone through three historical stages with respect to our
understanding of morality.
- In the first, which he referred to as the theological stage, society seemed to be the result of divine will.
- During stage two, which Comte called the metaphysical stage, Enlightenment thinkers such as Jean-
Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and Thomas Hobbes saw humankind's behavior as governed by
natural, biological instincts.
- To understand the nature of society—why things were the way they were—we needed to strip away
the layers of society to better comprehend how our basic drives and natural instincts governed and
established the foundation for the surrounding world.
- Comte called the third and final stage of historical development the scientific stage.
- In this era, he claimed, we would develop a social physics of sorts in order to identify the scientific laws
that govern human behavior.
- The analogy here is not theology or biology but rather physics.
Comte was convinced we could understand how social institutions worked (and didn't work), how we
relate to one another (whether on an individual or group level), and the overall structure of societies if
we merely ascertained their "equations" or underlying logic.
