CSIT 101 Introduction to Computing
Final Exam 2026/2027 with Detailed
Rationales | Complete Exam-Style
Questions | Pass Guaranteed – A+
Graded
Q1: Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for physical addressing using MAC
addresses?
A. Network Layer
B. Transport Layer
C. Data Link Layer [CORRECT]
D. Session Layer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) handles physical addressing through
MAC addresses and manages access to the physical medium, distinguishing it from Network
Layer (Layer 3) logical IP addressing.
Q2: Convert the binary number 10110101 to hexadecimal.
A. B3
B. A5
C. B5 [CORRECT]
D. C5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because splitting 10110101 into two nibbles yields 1011 (B) and 0101 (5),
producing the hexadecimal value B5.
Q3: Which malware type self-replicates across networks without requiring user interaction?
A. Trojan
B. Ransomware
C. Worm [CORRECT]
,D. Spyware
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because worms are distinguished by their ability to self-replicate and
propagate across networks automatically without needing a host file or user action, unlike
viruses which require execution.
Q4: In object-oriented programming, which principle allows a subclass to acquire methods
and properties from its parent class?
A. Encapsulation
B. Polymorphism
C. Inheritance [CORRECT]
D. Abstraction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because inheritance is the mechanism by which a derived class receives
attributes and behaviors from a base class, promoting code reusability and hierarchical
classification.
Q5: What is the primary advantage of SSD storage over traditional HDD storage?
A. Higher maximum capacity per drive
B. Lower cost per gigabyte
C. Faster data access with no moving parts [CORRECT]
D. Better performance in high-vibration environments only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because SSDs use NAND flash memory with no mechanical components,
enabling significantly faster read/write speeds, lower latency, and improved durability
compared to magnetic platter-based HDDs.
Q6: Which TCP/IP protocol is connection-oriented and guarantees reliable delivery of data?
A. UDP
B. ICMP
C. TCP [CORRECT]
D. ARP
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because TCP establishes a connection via the three-way handshake,
implements sequencing, acknowledgments, and retransmission to ensure reliable, ordered
delivery of data packets.
Q7: A computer has 8 GB of RAM. How many bytes does this represent?
A. 8,000,000,000 bytes
, B. 8,388,608 bytes
C. 8,589,934,592 bytes [CORRECT]
D. 8,192,000,000 bytes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because in computing, 1 GB equals 2^30 bytes (1,073,741,824 bytes),
making 8 GB equal to 8 × 1,073,741,824 = 8,589,934,592 bytes using binary measurement
standards.
Q8: Which Windows file system supports file-level encryption, disk quotas, and files larger
than 4 GB?
A. FAT32
B. exFAT
C. NTFS [CORRECT]
D. FAT16
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because NTFS includes advanced features such as EFS encryption, disk
quotas, journaling, and support for individual files exceeding 4 GB, capabilities absent in
FAT32.
Q9: In the OSI model, which layer handles routing and logical addressing?
A. Data Link Layer
B. Transport Layer
C. Network Layer [CORRECT]
D. Presentation Layer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the Network Layer (Layer 3) manages logical addressing through
IP addresses and determines optimal packet routing paths across interconnected networks.
Q10: What does the SQL statement SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Department =
'Sales'; accomplish?
A. Deletes all records from the Sales department
B. Updates records in the Employees table
C. Retrieves all columns for employees in the Sales department [CORRECT]
D. Inserts new records into the Sales department
Correct Answer: C
*Rationale: Correct because the SELECT statement with the WHERE clause filters results,
returning all columns (indicated by ) for rows where the Department field matches 'Sales'.
Final Exam 2026/2027 with Detailed
Rationales | Complete Exam-Style
Questions | Pass Guaranteed – A+
Graded
Q1: Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for physical addressing using MAC
addresses?
A. Network Layer
B. Transport Layer
C. Data Link Layer [CORRECT]
D. Session Layer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) handles physical addressing through
MAC addresses and manages access to the physical medium, distinguishing it from Network
Layer (Layer 3) logical IP addressing.
Q2: Convert the binary number 10110101 to hexadecimal.
A. B3
B. A5
C. B5 [CORRECT]
D. C5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because splitting 10110101 into two nibbles yields 1011 (B) and 0101 (5),
producing the hexadecimal value B5.
Q3: Which malware type self-replicates across networks without requiring user interaction?
A. Trojan
B. Ransomware
C. Worm [CORRECT]
,D. Spyware
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because worms are distinguished by their ability to self-replicate and
propagate across networks automatically without needing a host file or user action, unlike
viruses which require execution.
Q4: In object-oriented programming, which principle allows a subclass to acquire methods
and properties from its parent class?
A. Encapsulation
B. Polymorphism
C. Inheritance [CORRECT]
D. Abstraction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because inheritance is the mechanism by which a derived class receives
attributes and behaviors from a base class, promoting code reusability and hierarchical
classification.
Q5: What is the primary advantage of SSD storage over traditional HDD storage?
A. Higher maximum capacity per drive
B. Lower cost per gigabyte
C. Faster data access with no moving parts [CORRECT]
D. Better performance in high-vibration environments only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because SSDs use NAND flash memory with no mechanical components,
enabling significantly faster read/write speeds, lower latency, and improved durability
compared to magnetic platter-based HDDs.
Q6: Which TCP/IP protocol is connection-oriented and guarantees reliable delivery of data?
A. UDP
B. ICMP
C. TCP [CORRECT]
D. ARP
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because TCP establishes a connection via the three-way handshake,
implements sequencing, acknowledgments, and retransmission to ensure reliable, ordered
delivery of data packets.
Q7: A computer has 8 GB of RAM. How many bytes does this represent?
A. 8,000,000,000 bytes
, B. 8,388,608 bytes
C. 8,589,934,592 bytes [CORRECT]
D. 8,192,000,000 bytes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because in computing, 1 GB equals 2^30 bytes (1,073,741,824 bytes),
making 8 GB equal to 8 × 1,073,741,824 = 8,589,934,592 bytes using binary measurement
standards.
Q8: Which Windows file system supports file-level encryption, disk quotas, and files larger
than 4 GB?
A. FAT32
B. exFAT
C. NTFS [CORRECT]
D. FAT16
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because NTFS includes advanced features such as EFS encryption, disk
quotas, journaling, and support for individual files exceeding 4 GB, capabilities absent in
FAT32.
Q9: In the OSI model, which layer handles routing and logical addressing?
A. Data Link Layer
B. Transport Layer
C. Network Layer [CORRECT]
D. Presentation Layer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the Network Layer (Layer 3) manages logical addressing through
IP addresses and determines optimal packet routing paths across interconnected networks.
Q10: What does the SQL statement SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Department =
'Sales'; accomplish?
A. Deletes all records from the Sales department
B. Updates records in the Employees table
C. Retrieves all columns for employees in the Sales department [CORRECT]
D. Inserts new records into the Sales department
Correct Answer: C
*Rationale: Correct because the SELECT statement with the WHERE clause filters results,
returning all columns (indicated by ) for rows where the Department field matches 'Sales'.
