HPHY 324 Final Exam PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST AND COMPREHENSIVE VERSION
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3 functions of the cardiovascular system
1. oxygen/nutrient delivery
2. removal of carbon dioxide/waste products
3. creates pressure gradient that produces unidirectional blood flow
what are the five stages of the cardiac cycle?
1. late diastole
2. atrial systole
3. isovolumic ventricular contraction
4. ventricular ejection
5. isovolumic ventricular relaxation
what is the position of the heart valves during isovolumic relaxation?
AV and semilunar valves are closed
what is the position of the heart valves during the ventricular filling phase?
,AV valves open, semilunar closed
what are the three phases of ventricular filling?
1. rapid filling
2. reduced filling
3. atrial contraction
the mitral valve closes when...
L. ventricular pressure > left atrial pressure
aortic valve opens when...
L. ventricular pressure > aortic pressure
aortic valve closes when...
L. ventricular pressure < aortic pressure
mitral valve opens when...
L. ventricular pressure < L. atrial pressure
define stroke volume
,the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each heartbeat
what is the equation for stroke volume?
[(EDV-ESV)/EDV] x 100
define cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute
what is the equation for cardiac output?
SV x HR
define ejection fraction
volumetric fraction of blood ejected from a ventricle of the heart with each heartbeat
what is the equation for ejection fraction?
(SV/EDV) x 100
if preload increases, EDV will _________ and SV will ____________
EDV increases, SV increases
, if afterload increases, ESV will _____________ and SV will _____________
ESV increases, SV decreases
if intropy increases, ESV will _____________ and SV will _______________
ESV decreases, SV increases
on an EKG tracing, when does atrial depolarization occur?
P wave
on an EKG tracing, when does ventricular systole occur?
QRS complex
on an EKG tracing, when does repolarization of the ventricles occur?
T wave
on an EKG tracing, when does atrial repolarization occur?
QRS complex
define preload
ANSWERS LATEST AND COMPREHENSIVE VERSION
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS WITH
INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD
3 functions of the cardiovascular system
1. oxygen/nutrient delivery
2. removal of carbon dioxide/waste products
3. creates pressure gradient that produces unidirectional blood flow
what are the five stages of the cardiac cycle?
1. late diastole
2. atrial systole
3. isovolumic ventricular contraction
4. ventricular ejection
5. isovolumic ventricular relaxation
what is the position of the heart valves during isovolumic relaxation?
AV and semilunar valves are closed
what is the position of the heart valves during the ventricular filling phase?
,AV valves open, semilunar closed
what are the three phases of ventricular filling?
1. rapid filling
2. reduced filling
3. atrial contraction
the mitral valve closes when...
L. ventricular pressure > left atrial pressure
aortic valve opens when...
L. ventricular pressure > aortic pressure
aortic valve closes when...
L. ventricular pressure < aortic pressure
mitral valve opens when...
L. ventricular pressure < L. atrial pressure
define stroke volume
,the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each heartbeat
what is the equation for stroke volume?
[(EDV-ESV)/EDV] x 100
define cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute
what is the equation for cardiac output?
SV x HR
define ejection fraction
volumetric fraction of blood ejected from a ventricle of the heart with each heartbeat
what is the equation for ejection fraction?
(SV/EDV) x 100
if preload increases, EDV will _________ and SV will ____________
EDV increases, SV increases
, if afterload increases, ESV will _____________ and SV will _____________
ESV increases, SV decreases
if intropy increases, ESV will _____________ and SV will _______________
ESV decreases, SV increases
on an EKG tracing, when does atrial depolarization occur?
P wave
on an EKG tracing, when does ventricular systole occur?
QRS complex
on an EKG tracing, when does repolarization of the ventricles occur?
T wave
on an EKG tracing, when does atrial repolarization occur?
QRS complex
define preload
