NUAS 275 EX 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Neurogenic bladder - ANS Bladder dysfunction from CNS/peripheral lesion (stroke,
diabetic neuropathy, dementia, Parkinson's, MS, SCI).
Types of neurogenic bladder - ANS Spastic: empties reflexively. Flaccid: fills without
sensation → overdistention & overflow incontinence.
Complications of neurogenic bladder - ANS Infection, stones, hydronephrosis, reflux
nephropathy, renal failure.
Meds for neurogenic bladder - ANS Anticholinergics (oxybutynin, tolterodine) for spastic;
Cholinergic (bethanechol) for flaccid.
Training for neurogenic bladder - ANS Timed/prompted voiding, double voiding, Kegels,
intermittent catheterization.
Risk factors for renal calculi - ANS Dehydration, hyperparathyroidism, gout, immobility,
IBD, ↑ vit D, infection, meds (antacids, aspirin).
Types of stones - ANS Calcium oxalate/phosphate, uric acid, struvite, cystine.
Hallmark symptom of renal calculi - ANS Severe colicky flank pain radiating to groin.
1
, Labs in renal calculi - ANS UA: RBC, WBC, crystals. Serum: Ca, P, uric acid. CBC: ↑ WBC if
infection.
Gold standard imaging for stones - ANS Non-contrast CT scan.
Diet for uric acid stones - ANS Low purine: avoid organ meats, sardines, mushrooms,
shellfish.
Diet for oxalate stones - ANS Avoid spinach, tea, chocolate, peanuts.
Management of stones - ANS Fluids 3 L/day, strain urine, opioids/NSAIDs, tamsulosin,
allopurinol (uric acid), thiazides (calcium).
Surgical options for stones - ANS Lithotripsy, ureteroscopy/stent, percutaneous
nephrolithotomy.
Urinary diversion types - ANS Ileal conduit, ureterostomy, Indiana/Kock pouch,
ureterosigmoidostomy.
Complications of urinary diversion - ANS Infection, peritonitis, fistula, stoma ischemia,
skin breakdown.
Nursing care of urinary diversion - ANS Assess stoma (pink/red), catheterize pouch, skin
protection, monitor urine output.
BPH risk factors - ANS Older age, smoking, alcohol, HTN, diabetes.
BPH manifestations - ANS Hesitancy, weak/intermittent stream, dribbling, nocturia,
incomplete emptying, hematuria.
2
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Neurogenic bladder - ANS Bladder dysfunction from CNS/peripheral lesion (stroke,
diabetic neuropathy, dementia, Parkinson's, MS, SCI).
Types of neurogenic bladder - ANS Spastic: empties reflexively. Flaccid: fills without
sensation → overdistention & overflow incontinence.
Complications of neurogenic bladder - ANS Infection, stones, hydronephrosis, reflux
nephropathy, renal failure.
Meds for neurogenic bladder - ANS Anticholinergics (oxybutynin, tolterodine) for spastic;
Cholinergic (bethanechol) for flaccid.
Training for neurogenic bladder - ANS Timed/prompted voiding, double voiding, Kegels,
intermittent catheterization.
Risk factors for renal calculi - ANS Dehydration, hyperparathyroidism, gout, immobility,
IBD, ↑ vit D, infection, meds (antacids, aspirin).
Types of stones - ANS Calcium oxalate/phosphate, uric acid, struvite, cystine.
Hallmark symptom of renal calculi - ANS Severe colicky flank pain radiating to groin.
1
, Labs in renal calculi - ANS UA: RBC, WBC, crystals. Serum: Ca, P, uric acid. CBC: ↑ WBC if
infection.
Gold standard imaging for stones - ANS Non-contrast CT scan.
Diet for uric acid stones - ANS Low purine: avoid organ meats, sardines, mushrooms,
shellfish.
Diet for oxalate stones - ANS Avoid spinach, tea, chocolate, peanuts.
Management of stones - ANS Fluids 3 L/day, strain urine, opioids/NSAIDs, tamsulosin,
allopurinol (uric acid), thiazides (calcium).
Surgical options for stones - ANS Lithotripsy, ureteroscopy/stent, percutaneous
nephrolithotomy.
Urinary diversion types - ANS Ileal conduit, ureterostomy, Indiana/Kock pouch,
ureterosigmoidostomy.
Complications of urinary diversion - ANS Infection, peritonitis, fistula, stoma ischemia,
skin breakdown.
Nursing care of urinary diversion - ANS Assess stoma (pink/red), catheterize pouch, skin
protection, monitor urine output.
BPH risk factors - ANS Older age, smoking, alcohol, HTN, diabetes.
BPH manifestations - ANS Hesitancy, weak/intermittent stream, dribbling, nocturia,
incomplete emptying, hematuria.
2
