ED 331 CHAPTER 1-4 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
A relationship-based model recognizes that the quality of:
-child's relationships with just one person do not affect the quality of the child's relationship with
other people
-a child's network of relationships affects children's sense of self-worth and competence
-the environment as having the primary influence on the quality of the child's relationships
-a child's characteristics have the primary influence on the quality of the child's relationships -
Answers -a child's network of relationships affects children's sense of self-worth and competence
Which of the following is not an aspect of mental health as defined in the chapter?
-The ability to enjoy intimate and caring relationships.
-The ability of the child to think clearly.
-The sense of well-being that the child has.
-The feelings of confidence and competence that the child experiences. - Answers -The ability of the
child to think clearly.
Matt, a toddler, was saying more words each day. This is an example of which of the following?
-Well-being
-Developmental outcomes
-Quality of life
-Mental health - Answers Developmental outcomes
Matty, Tara's Early Head Start teacher, noticed Tara yawning as she was sitting on the floor playing.
Matty went over to Tara, sat down at her level, and said, "Are you feeling sleepy, Tara?" This is an
example of:
-Matty's and Tara's mental health
-how a child's unique characteristics affect relationships
-how the ecology affects relationships
-Matty being "tuned in" or responsive to Tara - Answers -Matty being "tuned in" or responsive to Tara
Which theory emphasizes how children's attributes and capacities influence the ongoing reciprocal
nature of the child's relationships with others?
-Bioecological systems theory
-Transactional theory
-Self-regulation theory
-Cultural theory - Answers -Transactional theory
It is important for teachers to understand the terms "risk" and "resilience" because:
-they may need to know how to organize their program differently
-they may need specialized training to provide responsive services
-they may need to know that the population in the United States is becoming less diverse
-they may need to know that a changing population changes children's seven irreducible need -
Answers -they may need specialized training to provide responsive services
Which of the following represents the most important reason why infant and toddler professionals
should care about reducing poverty?
-Poverty changes the "sensitive periods" in a child's life.
-Poverty affects the quality of life that a child experiences.
-Poverty affects the stress level of families.
-Many children in poverty are less likely to be ready for school. - Answers -Poverty affects the quality
of life that a child experiences.
It is critical that teachers understand that there are many reasons why families choose different kinds
of child care programs because:
-they will ensure that there is more family child care
-they will provide more on-site business child care
-they will encourage families to choose a particular type of child care
-they will understand the need for options for families - Answers -they will understand the need for
options for families
An example of a type of program that serves primarily children with disabilities in a variety of settings
is: at risk?
-a family child-care home
-Early Head Start
, -an early intervention program
-on-site business child-care - Answers -an early intervention program
Juanita's parents, whose family's home was ruined in a hurricane, are living in a shelter. Which of the
following irreducible needs, although challenging to do, are Juanita's parents most likely to be able to
meet?
-Physical protection, safety, and regulation
-Ongoing nurturing relationships
-Experiences tailored to individual differences
-Stable communities and cultural continuity - Answers -Ongoing nurturing relationships
Parents must care for their newborn children because humans are born with large but not fully
developed brains. This is an example of:
-cultural effects on parenting
-sensitive periods in brain development
-biological effects on parenting
-variations in parenting - Answers -biological effects on parenting
A parent who feeds her child with a spoon after the child can probably feed himself may value:
-independence
-interdependent relationships
-the primary importance of the mother
-the importance of the individual over the group - Answers -interdependent relationships
Which circumstances are constant factors across humanity?
-Morning sickness, fatigue, and fear
-Long gestation, the difficult birth process, and dependency of the infant
-Religious feelings, optimism, and easy, natural birth
-Fathers withdraw, mothers feel high energy, and birth is attended - Answers -Long gestation, the
difficult birth process, and dependency of the infant
The strongest factor determining how involved a father is in nurturing and providing physical care,
cognitive activities and warmth with an infant is:
-the mother's attitude
-education
-income
-how important he feels his contribution is - Answers -how important he feels his contribution is
Nick's (15 months old) parents often didn't respond when he tried to communicate to them.
However, they did demand that he immediately obey them when they told him what to do. Which of
the following parenting styles would describe this behavior?
-Indulgent
-Authoritarian
-Authoritative
-Uninvolved - Answers -Authoritarian
Which of the following is most important to ensure children's optimal development?
-The nature of the relationships within the family
-The structure of the family
-The use of a certain parenting style (indulgent, authoritative, etc.)
-The family's cultural values about raising children - Answers -The nature of the relationships within
the family
Which of the following parent behaviors is most likely to have a negative effect on the child during a
divorce?
-Being sad at times around the child
-Focusing too much attention on the child
-Angry confrontations in front of the child
-Responding to the child's needs - Answers -Angry confrontations in front of the child
The most important thing that teachers can do in regard to differences in family structure is:
-identify risk and resiliency (protective factors) in the family
-realize that all families face challenges
-be sensitive to the needs of each family
-treat all families in a similar manner - Answers -be sensitive to the needs of each family
Parent education is best described as:
A relationship-based model recognizes that the quality of:
-child's relationships with just one person do not affect the quality of the child's relationship with
other people
-a child's network of relationships affects children's sense of self-worth and competence
-the environment as having the primary influence on the quality of the child's relationships
-a child's characteristics have the primary influence on the quality of the child's relationships -
Answers -a child's network of relationships affects children's sense of self-worth and competence
Which of the following is not an aspect of mental health as defined in the chapter?
-The ability to enjoy intimate and caring relationships.
-The ability of the child to think clearly.
-The sense of well-being that the child has.
-The feelings of confidence and competence that the child experiences. - Answers -The ability of the
child to think clearly.
Matt, a toddler, was saying more words each day. This is an example of which of the following?
-Well-being
-Developmental outcomes
-Quality of life
-Mental health - Answers Developmental outcomes
Matty, Tara's Early Head Start teacher, noticed Tara yawning as she was sitting on the floor playing.
Matty went over to Tara, sat down at her level, and said, "Are you feeling sleepy, Tara?" This is an
example of:
-Matty's and Tara's mental health
-how a child's unique characteristics affect relationships
-how the ecology affects relationships
-Matty being "tuned in" or responsive to Tara - Answers -Matty being "tuned in" or responsive to Tara
Which theory emphasizes how children's attributes and capacities influence the ongoing reciprocal
nature of the child's relationships with others?
-Bioecological systems theory
-Transactional theory
-Self-regulation theory
-Cultural theory - Answers -Transactional theory
It is important for teachers to understand the terms "risk" and "resilience" because:
-they may need to know how to organize their program differently
-they may need specialized training to provide responsive services
-they may need to know that the population in the United States is becoming less diverse
-they may need to know that a changing population changes children's seven irreducible need -
Answers -they may need specialized training to provide responsive services
Which of the following represents the most important reason why infant and toddler professionals
should care about reducing poverty?
-Poverty changes the "sensitive periods" in a child's life.
-Poverty affects the quality of life that a child experiences.
-Poverty affects the stress level of families.
-Many children in poverty are less likely to be ready for school. - Answers -Poverty affects the quality
of life that a child experiences.
It is critical that teachers understand that there are many reasons why families choose different kinds
of child care programs because:
-they will ensure that there is more family child care
-they will provide more on-site business child care
-they will encourage families to choose a particular type of child care
-they will understand the need for options for families - Answers -they will understand the need for
options for families
An example of a type of program that serves primarily children with disabilities in a variety of settings
is: at risk?
-a family child-care home
-Early Head Start
, -an early intervention program
-on-site business child-care - Answers -an early intervention program
Juanita's parents, whose family's home was ruined in a hurricane, are living in a shelter. Which of the
following irreducible needs, although challenging to do, are Juanita's parents most likely to be able to
meet?
-Physical protection, safety, and regulation
-Ongoing nurturing relationships
-Experiences tailored to individual differences
-Stable communities and cultural continuity - Answers -Ongoing nurturing relationships
Parents must care for their newborn children because humans are born with large but not fully
developed brains. This is an example of:
-cultural effects on parenting
-sensitive periods in brain development
-biological effects on parenting
-variations in parenting - Answers -biological effects on parenting
A parent who feeds her child with a spoon after the child can probably feed himself may value:
-independence
-interdependent relationships
-the primary importance of the mother
-the importance of the individual over the group - Answers -interdependent relationships
Which circumstances are constant factors across humanity?
-Morning sickness, fatigue, and fear
-Long gestation, the difficult birth process, and dependency of the infant
-Religious feelings, optimism, and easy, natural birth
-Fathers withdraw, mothers feel high energy, and birth is attended - Answers -Long gestation, the
difficult birth process, and dependency of the infant
The strongest factor determining how involved a father is in nurturing and providing physical care,
cognitive activities and warmth with an infant is:
-the mother's attitude
-education
-income
-how important he feels his contribution is - Answers -how important he feels his contribution is
Nick's (15 months old) parents often didn't respond when he tried to communicate to them.
However, they did demand that he immediately obey them when they told him what to do. Which of
the following parenting styles would describe this behavior?
-Indulgent
-Authoritarian
-Authoritative
-Uninvolved - Answers -Authoritarian
Which of the following is most important to ensure children's optimal development?
-The nature of the relationships within the family
-The structure of the family
-The use of a certain parenting style (indulgent, authoritative, etc.)
-The family's cultural values about raising children - Answers -The nature of the relationships within
the family
Which of the following parent behaviors is most likely to have a negative effect on the child during a
divorce?
-Being sad at times around the child
-Focusing too much attention on the child
-Angry confrontations in front of the child
-Responding to the child's needs - Answers -Angry confrontations in front of the child
The most important thing that teachers can do in regard to differences in family structure is:
-identify risk and resiliency (protective factors) in the family
-realize that all families face challenges
-be sensitive to the needs of each family
-treat all families in a similar manner - Answers -be sensitive to the needs of each family
Parent education is best described as:
