ADULT HEALTH CJE BENCHMARK
REVIEW HANDOUTS. EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Perfusion -
What is the normal range for potassium (K+)? - ANS 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
What is hyperkalemia? - ANS A condition where potassium levels exceed 5.0 mEq/L.
What are the priority functions of potassium (K+)? - ANS Pumps the heart.
What is the normal range for sodium (Na+)? - ANS 135 - 145 mEq/L
What is hypernatremia? - ANS A condition where sodium levels exceed 145 mEq/L.
What are the manifestations of hypernatremia? - ANS Edema, flushed skin, increased
muscle tone, swollen dry tongue, nausea, and vomiting.
1
,What is the normal range for chloride (Cl-)? - ANS 97 - 107 mEq/L
What is hypochloremia? - ANS A condition where chloride levels fall below 97 mEq/L.
What is the normal range for magnesium (Mg+)? - ANS 1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L
What are the manifestations of hypomagnesemia? - ANS Increased deep tendon reflexes
(DTR), diarrhea, and torsades de pointes.
What is the normal range for calcium (Ca)? - ANS 9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL
What are the signs of hypocalcemia? - ANS Trousseau's sign, Chvostek's sign, diarrhea,
weak bones, weak blood clotting.
What is hypercalcemia? - ANS A condition where calcium levels exceed 10.5 mg/dL.
What are the manifestations of hypercalcemia? - ANS Kidney stones, constipation, bone
pain, severe muscle weakness.
What is the normal range for phosphate (P)? - ANS 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL
What are the manifestations of hyperphosphatemia? - ANS Signs similar to hypocalcemia:
Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs.
What is the relationship between calcium and phosphate? - ANS Inverse relationship:
High calcium leads to low phosphate and vice versa.
What causes hyperkalemia? - ANS Renal failure, low aldosterone.
2
, What causes hyponatremia? - ANS Excess water intake, sweating, vomiting, diarrhea,
diuretics.
What is the mnemonic for remembering magnesium's effect? - ANS Mellows the muscles.
What is the mnemonic for calcium's effect? - ANS Contracts the muscles and keeps the 3
Bs strong: Bone, Blood (clotting), Beats (heart).
What is the most deadly manifestation of hyperkalemia? - ANS Peaked T waves and ST
elevation leading to ventricular fibrillation.
What is the most deadly manifestation of hypokalemia? - ANS Shallow respirations and
potential respiratory arrest.
What are the causes of hypocalcemia? - ANS Hypoparathyroidism, renal failure.
HIPAA - ANS Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act
Purpose of HIPAA - ANS Law protecting the right to privacy for clients.
Client's Personal Health Information - ANS Includes diagnosis, test results, and how it is
used and disclosed.
Sharing Client Info - ANS ONLY share client info with other team members directly
involved with care.
Need-to-know Basis - ANS Client information should only be shared on a need-to-know
basis.
Over Sharing - ANS NO OVER sharing detailed information with non-essential personnel.
3
REVIEW HANDOUTS. EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Perfusion -
What is the normal range for potassium (K+)? - ANS 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
What is hyperkalemia? - ANS A condition where potassium levels exceed 5.0 mEq/L.
What are the priority functions of potassium (K+)? - ANS Pumps the heart.
What is the normal range for sodium (Na+)? - ANS 135 - 145 mEq/L
What is hypernatremia? - ANS A condition where sodium levels exceed 145 mEq/L.
What are the manifestations of hypernatremia? - ANS Edema, flushed skin, increased
muscle tone, swollen dry tongue, nausea, and vomiting.
1
,What is the normal range for chloride (Cl-)? - ANS 97 - 107 mEq/L
What is hypochloremia? - ANS A condition where chloride levels fall below 97 mEq/L.
What is the normal range for magnesium (Mg+)? - ANS 1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L
What are the manifestations of hypomagnesemia? - ANS Increased deep tendon reflexes
(DTR), diarrhea, and torsades de pointes.
What is the normal range for calcium (Ca)? - ANS 9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL
What are the signs of hypocalcemia? - ANS Trousseau's sign, Chvostek's sign, diarrhea,
weak bones, weak blood clotting.
What is hypercalcemia? - ANS A condition where calcium levels exceed 10.5 mg/dL.
What are the manifestations of hypercalcemia? - ANS Kidney stones, constipation, bone
pain, severe muscle weakness.
What is the normal range for phosphate (P)? - ANS 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL
What are the manifestations of hyperphosphatemia? - ANS Signs similar to hypocalcemia:
Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs.
What is the relationship between calcium and phosphate? - ANS Inverse relationship:
High calcium leads to low phosphate and vice versa.
What causes hyperkalemia? - ANS Renal failure, low aldosterone.
2
, What causes hyponatremia? - ANS Excess water intake, sweating, vomiting, diarrhea,
diuretics.
What is the mnemonic for remembering magnesium's effect? - ANS Mellows the muscles.
What is the mnemonic for calcium's effect? - ANS Contracts the muscles and keeps the 3
Bs strong: Bone, Blood (clotting), Beats (heart).
What is the most deadly manifestation of hyperkalemia? - ANS Peaked T waves and ST
elevation leading to ventricular fibrillation.
What is the most deadly manifestation of hypokalemia? - ANS Shallow respirations and
potential respiratory arrest.
What are the causes of hypocalcemia? - ANS Hypoparathyroidism, renal failure.
HIPAA - ANS Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act
Purpose of HIPAA - ANS Law protecting the right to privacy for clients.
Client's Personal Health Information - ANS Includes diagnosis, test results, and how it is
used and disclosed.
Sharing Client Info - ANS ONLY share client info with other team members directly
involved with care.
Need-to-know Basis - ANS Client information should only be shared on a need-to-know
basis.
Over Sharing - ANS NO OVER sharing detailed information with non-essential personnel.
3
