PSYC 3331 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

PSYC 3331 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 If something is valid then ____. - Answers It must be reliable In ____ approach, the theory comes before the data. - Answers Deductive The best personality assessments rely on ____ measures to obtain accurate information. - Answers Multiple There is a negative correlation between the amount of water Sue drinks and the level of energy she has. This means: - Answers The more water Sue drinks the less energy she has Correlational studies can NOT: - Answers Infer causality According to Sigmund Freud, which part of the mind resides completely in the unconscious? - Answers Id According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about the unconscious mind? - Answers It holds thoughts and memories about which a person is unaware According to Sigmund Freud, a slip of the tongue: - Answers Represents the motivated activity of the unconscious Sigmund Freud believed that ____ occurred by accident. - Answers Nothing Which of the following would most likely be an indicator of the id operating on an individual's behavior? - Answers David has to have it and have it right now Which of the following statements is true about the ego? - Answers It is the part of the mind that constrains the id to reality The ____ is concerned with making a person do what is morally right. - Answers Superego According to Sigmund Freud, if a child does not fully resolve a conflict in the oral stage, then that child will become: - Answers Fixated at the oral stage The neo-analytic view places ____ emphasis on childhood relationships and ____emphasis on sexual urges than did Sigmund Freud. - Answers More; less According to Alfred Adler, covering up one's feelings of inferiority by pretending to be better than others is indicative of a(n) - Answers Superiority complex Alder's theory of personality involved levels of social interest and energy. Of the four personality types he described, only the combination of ____ results in a non-pathological personality. - Answers High energy and high social interest WRONG Low energy and low social interest Low energy and high social interest WRONG High energy and low social interest Jung's Theory of Mind included the following: - Answers Conscious ego, personal unconscious, collective unconscious Jung developed a typology of personality which included all of the dimensions EXCEPT: - Answers Neuroticism vs. stability Karen Hornet believed that girls: - Answers Desired the social power given to boys Karen Hornet described three different aspects of the self. She believed that the healthiest of these is: - Answers The despised self The real self The true self WRONG The ideal self WRONG In terms of modern self-discrepancy theory, depression is caused by a discrepancy between the ____ self and the ____ self. - Answers Real; ideal Jung believed that archetypes were all of the following EXCEPT: - Answers Residing in the unconscious WRONG Universal symbols WRONG A symptom of psychopathology Found in dreams Combining the strengths of adoption and twin studies: - Answers Provides on of the most powerful behavioral genetics designs David, an extrovert, and Tom, and introvert, are studying in a room with blaring music. Based on genotype-environment interactions, ____. - Answers Tom will find blaring music much more distracting than David The structure of the brain called the ____ is thought to be the origin of some basic motivations and human emotions, such as anger, fear, and sexuality. - Answers Amygdala According to Hans Eysenck, the personality traits of extraversion and introversion depend on: - Answers The ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) in the brain that regulates how much sensory stimuli we receive All of the following EXCEPT ____ are used to study the human brain. - Answers ESP Those who argue that all of our personality can be explained by biology are called: - Answers Reductionists The term ____ is referring to the stable individual differences in emotional reactivity. - Answers Temperament An individual's environment and behaviors can affect how and when certain genes are expressed. This is known as ____. - Answers Epigenetics Phineas Gage was in an accident that damaged the ____ area of his brain. His movement, speech, and memory were still intact, however he now had flattened emotions, impaired judgment, and an inability to prioritize. - Answers Frontal lobe ____ is the presentation of an aversive stimulus, such as an electric shock, or the removal of a positive one, such as disconnecting an adolescent's telephone in order to decrease a behavior. - Answers Punishment A procedure in which the experimenter or environment first rewards gross approximations of a desired behavior, then closer approximations, and finally the desired behavior itself is called: - Answers Shaping Eleven-year-old Christie is bullied at her new middle school. Over time, her parents notice that she responds with fear every time she hears the word "school." In behavioral terms, Christie's learned behavior is an example of ____, with bullying being the unconditioned stimulus that originally elicited the unconditioned response of fear. Over time the word "school" became the conditioned stimulus eliciting the conditioned response. - Answers Operant conditioning The first time you go to a grocery store with your child, he asks you to buy a candy. At first you refuse, but when he starts crying you cave in and buy him candy. This reinforces the idea in his mind that every time he throws a tantrum at the grocery store, he will get candy. He continues to do this behavior, and you unknowingly reward his behavior. Then one day, you simply say "no" to his demand despite his tantrums. He cries, but you ignore it. This is repeated on the next five visits to - Answers Grocery store and finally, when you go to the store a sixth time, yo realize he is no longer throwing tantrums. This is an example of: