BIOLOGY 1010 EXAM 2 (CSU STANISLAUS BIOL 1010, SPRING 2026, DR. SCHOENLY)
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
activation energy - (answer)the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
active site - (answer)The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.
active transport - (answer)energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against
a concentration difference
ADP - (answer)A molecule composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups. The molecule ATP is
made by combining a molecule of ADP with a third phosphate in an energy-consuming reaction.
ATP - (answer)A molecule composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups; the main energy source
for cells.
calorie - (answer)The amount of energy that raises the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C.
chemical energy - (answer)Energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules; a form of potential energy.
concentration gradient - (answer)An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance within a
given region. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of hydrogen ions across their membranes.
When a gradient exists, the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where they
are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated.
conservation of energy - (answer)The principle that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
diffusion - (answer)The spontaneous movement of particles of any kind down a concentration gradient;
that is, movement of particles from where they are more concentrated to where they are less
concentrated.endocytosis
endocytosis - (answer)The movement of materials into the cytoplasm of a cell via vesicles or vacuoles.
,BIOLOGY 1010 EXAM 2 (CSU STANISLAUS BIOL 1010, SPRING 2026, DR. SCHOENLY)
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Energy - (answer)The capacity to perform work, or to move matter in a direction it would not move if
left alone.
Entropy - (answer)A measure of disorder, or randomness. One form of disorder is heat, which is random
molecular motion.
enzyme inhibitors - (answer)A chemical that interferes with an enzyme's activity by changing the
enzyme's shape, either by plugging up the active site or binding to another site on the enzyme.
enzymes - (answer)A protein that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction
without itself being changed in the process.
exocytosis - (answer)The movement of materials out of the cytoplasm of a cell via membranous vesicles
or vacuoles.
facilitated diffusion - (answer)The passage of a substance across a biological membrane down its
concentration gradient, aided by specific transport proteins.
feedback regulation - (answer)A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic
pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
hypertonic - (answer)In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with the greater concentration of
solutes.
induced fit - (answer)The interaction between a substrate molecule and the active site of an enzyme,
which changes shape slightly to embrace the substrate and catalyze the reaction.
isotonic - (answer)Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
kinetic energy - (answer)Energy of motion. Moving matter performs work by transferring its motion to
other matter, such as leg muscles pushing bicycle pedals.
, BIOLOGY 1010 EXAM 2 (CSU STANISLAUS BIOL 1010, SPRING 2026, DR. SCHOENLY)
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
metabolism - (answer)The total of all the chemical reactions in an organism.
osmoregulation - (answer)The control of the gain or loss of water and dissolved solutes in an organism.
osmosis - (answer)The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
passive transport - (answer)The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane without any input
of energy.
phagocytosis - (answer)Cellular "eating"; a type of endocytosis whereby a cell engulfs large molecules,
other cells, or particles into its cytoplasm.
pinocytosis - (answer)Cellular "drinking"; a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and dissolved
solutes into small membranous vesicles.
plasmolysis - (answer)A phenomenon that occurs in plant cells in a hypertonic environment. The cell
loses water and shrivels, and its plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall, usually killing the cell.
Potential energy - (answer)Stored energy; the energy that an object has due to its location and/or
arrangement. Water behind a dam and chemical bonds both possess potential energy.
receptor-mediated endocytosis - (answer)The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward
budding of vesicles. The vesicles contain proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being
taken in.
signal transduction pathway - (answer)A series of molecular changes that converts a signal on a target
cell's surface to a specific response inside the cell.
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
activation energy - (answer)the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
active site - (answer)The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.
active transport - (answer)energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against
a concentration difference
ADP - (answer)A molecule composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups. The molecule ATP is
made by combining a molecule of ADP with a third phosphate in an energy-consuming reaction.
ATP - (answer)A molecule composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups; the main energy source
for cells.
calorie - (answer)The amount of energy that raises the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C.
chemical energy - (answer)Energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules; a form of potential energy.
concentration gradient - (answer)An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance within a
given region. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of hydrogen ions across their membranes.
When a gradient exists, the ions or other chemical substances involved tend to move from where they
are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated.
conservation of energy - (answer)The principle that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
diffusion - (answer)The spontaneous movement of particles of any kind down a concentration gradient;
that is, movement of particles from where they are more concentrated to where they are less
concentrated.endocytosis
endocytosis - (answer)The movement of materials into the cytoplasm of a cell via vesicles or vacuoles.
,BIOLOGY 1010 EXAM 2 (CSU STANISLAUS BIOL 1010, SPRING 2026, DR. SCHOENLY)
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Energy - (answer)The capacity to perform work, or to move matter in a direction it would not move if
left alone.
Entropy - (answer)A measure of disorder, or randomness. One form of disorder is heat, which is random
molecular motion.
enzyme inhibitors - (answer)A chemical that interferes with an enzyme's activity by changing the
enzyme's shape, either by plugging up the active site or binding to another site on the enzyme.
enzymes - (answer)A protein that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction
without itself being changed in the process.
exocytosis - (answer)The movement of materials out of the cytoplasm of a cell via membranous vesicles
or vacuoles.
facilitated diffusion - (answer)The passage of a substance across a biological membrane down its
concentration gradient, aided by specific transport proteins.
feedback regulation - (answer)A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic
pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
hypertonic - (answer)In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with the greater concentration of
solutes.
induced fit - (answer)The interaction between a substrate molecule and the active site of an enzyme,
which changes shape slightly to embrace the substrate and catalyze the reaction.
isotonic - (answer)Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
kinetic energy - (answer)Energy of motion. Moving matter performs work by transferring its motion to
other matter, such as leg muscles pushing bicycle pedals.
, BIOLOGY 1010 EXAM 2 (CSU STANISLAUS BIOL 1010, SPRING 2026, DR. SCHOENLY)
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
metabolism - (answer)The total of all the chemical reactions in an organism.
osmoregulation - (answer)The control of the gain or loss of water and dissolved solutes in an organism.
osmosis - (answer)The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
passive transport - (answer)The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane without any input
of energy.
phagocytosis - (answer)Cellular "eating"; a type of endocytosis whereby a cell engulfs large molecules,
other cells, or particles into its cytoplasm.
pinocytosis - (answer)Cellular "drinking"; a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and dissolved
solutes into small membranous vesicles.
plasmolysis - (answer)A phenomenon that occurs in plant cells in a hypertonic environment. The cell
loses water and shrivels, and its plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall, usually killing the cell.
Potential energy - (answer)Stored energy; the energy that an object has due to its location and/or
arrangement. Water behind a dam and chemical bonds both possess potential energy.
receptor-mediated endocytosis - (answer)The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward
budding of vesicles. The vesicles contain proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being
taken in.
signal transduction pathway - (answer)A series of molecular changes that converts a signal on a target
cell's surface to a specific response inside the cell.
