NR462 Inleiding tot de interne geneeskunde en
chirurgie - Examen I
what are the 7 major electrolytes
Na, K, Cl, bicarbonate, Ca, Mg, P
what is BUN
blood urea nitrogen ; measures accumulation of urea that occurs as a
by product of breaking down proteins (helps check kidney function)
what is the range for BUN
6-20 mg/dL
what is creatinine
by product of metabolism; checks someones kidney function
what are the ranges for creatinine? (men and women differ)
men: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL ; women: 0.4-1.0 mg/dL
,what is the glucose range
70-100 mg/dL
what is hemoconcentration and how does it impact lab values
hemoconcentration due to dehydration or decreased oral intake
causes laboratory values to be increased (less plasma = less water)
what is hemodilution and how does it impact lab values
hemodiution due to excessive oral intake (or not enough out) causes
laboratory values to be decreased (more plasma = more water)
why do we use hemoglobin and hematocrit levels as a guide to
hydration status
measures the amount of RBCs in a serum sample; elevated
hematocrit means less fluid to dilute RBCs (hemoconcentration)
versus a decreased hematocrit means more fluid to dilute
(hemodilution)
what is a urinalysis (or dipstick test)
measures specific gravity (1.010-
1.025) pH: 4.5-8.0
negative for: protein, bilirubin, glucose, ketones, bacteria, blood
, what are stool samples used for
diagnose certain infections: blood, parasites, C-Diff, H-Pylori
what are ECGs used for
measures electrical activity of heart; can be affected by electrolyte
changes
what does quick changes in body weight indicate
overall fluid volume loss or gain
how is fluid regulated in the body
by thirst via changes in plasma osmolarity detected by hypothalamus
Measuring Fluid Intake: what do we record
All oral fluids including items liquid at room temp (ice cream, Jell-O,
ice chips), enteral feedings (tube feedings). Record all IV fluids
(including TPN) -
--> record in mL
how do we choose appropriate fluid sources
based on the cause of fluid imbalance
chirurgie - Examen I
what are the 7 major electrolytes
Na, K, Cl, bicarbonate, Ca, Mg, P
what is BUN
blood urea nitrogen ; measures accumulation of urea that occurs as a
by product of breaking down proteins (helps check kidney function)
what is the range for BUN
6-20 mg/dL
what is creatinine
by product of metabolism; checks someones kidney function
what are the ranges for creatinine? (men and women differ)
men: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL ; women: 0.4-1.0 mg/dL
,what is the glucose range
70-100 mg/dL
what is hemoconcentration and how does it impact lab values
hemoconcentration due to dehydration or decreased oral intake
causes laboratory values to be increased (less plasma = less water)
what is hemodilution and how does it impact lab values
hemodiution due to excessive oral intake (or not enough out) causes
laboratory values to be decreased (more plasma = more water)
why do we use hemoglobin and hematocrit levels as a guide to
hydration status
measures the amount of RBCs in a serum sample; elevated
hematocrit means less fluid to dilute RBCs (hemoconcentration)
versus a decreased hematocrit means more fluid to dilute
(hemodilution)
what is a urinalysis (or dipstick test)
measures specific gravity (1.010-
1.025) pH: 4.5-8.0
negative for: protein, bilirubin, glucose, ketones, bacteria, blood
, what are stool samples used for
diagnose certain infections: blood, parasites, C-Diff, H-Pylori
what are ECGs used for
measures electrical activity of heart; can be affected by electrolyte
changes
what does quick changes in body weight indicate
overall fluid volume loss or gain
how is fluid regulated in the body
by thirst via changes in plasma osmolarity detected by hypothalamus
Measuring Fluid Intake: what do we record
All oral fluids including items liquid at room temp (ice cream, Jell-O,
ice chips), enteral feedings (tube feedings). Record all IV fluids
(including TPN) -
--> record in mL
how do we choose appropriate fluid sources
based on the cause of fluid imbalance
