BIOL 1108
BIOL 1108 Exam 2 Study Questions
and Answers Graded A+ 2026
Kelp Abiotic Factors -Correct Answer ✔-Ocean current impacts
Cold water all year
High dissolved nutrients (upwelling brings nutrient-rich water to the surface; high in
nutrients to feed fish)
High O2
Relationship between temperature and dissolved oxygen -Correct Answer ✔-As
temperature goes up, dissolved oxygen does down
Complexity -Correct Answer ✔-Giant kelp contribute to high vertical complexity
Why is thermoregulation important to organisms? -Correct Answer ✔-Proteins start to
unravel at high temperature and bonds that hold tertiary structures break, which
changes the shape and enzyme function
Enzyme Activity vs Temperature -Correct Answer ✔-As temp increases, enzyme activity
increases until it reaches the optimal point
Adaptations to regulate temp if it's too hot -Correct Answer ✔-Sweat, dilation of blood
vessels (vascodialation), panting, shedding, burrowing, large ears (dissipate heat), go to
shade, swimming, light-colored skin, nocturnal
Adaptations to regulate temp if it's too cold -Correct Answer ✔-Blubber, hibernation, fur,
snuggle, shivering, constriction of blood vessels (vasoconstriction), INC metabolic rate,
goosebumps, limit blood flow to extremes
Thermoregulators -Correct Answer ✔-Keep internal environments constant
Pros and Cons of Thermoregulators -Correct Answer ✔-Pros: Can live in many different
places and keep enzymes at optimal level
Cons: Takes lots of energy to maintain
Thermoconformers -Correct Answer ✔-Match internal environment to external
environment
BIOL 1108
, BIOL 1108
Pros and Cons of Thermoconformers -Correct Answer ✔-Pros: takes less energy,
narrow range of habitats
Cons: enzymes might not always act optimally and limited environmental range
Endotherm -Correct Answer ✔-Temperature can be controlled by altering metabolic rate
(birds and mammals)
Ectotherm -Correct Answer ✔-Body temperature is not controlled with metabolism (all
reptiles and amphibians)
Human's Ability to Thermoregulate -Correct Answer ✔-As external temperature drops,
our metabolic rate increases (below a certain point, our metabolism isn't infinite)
Thermoneutral zone -Correct Answer ✔-The temperature range in which metabolic rate
does not need to rise to maintain body temperature
Metabolic rate = respiration rate = how fast we burn calories or consume O2
Do marine mammals have higher metabolic requirements than terrestrial animals? -
Correct Answer ✔-Yes
Sea Otters -Correct Answer ✔-Water causes heat loss 25x faster than air because of
specific heat, so they have to maximize heat through THERMOGENESIS
Skips step of making ATP and goes straight to heat
Needs lots of food to maintain both metabolism and thermogenesis
Heterotrophs and eat mostly invertebrates
Do larger ectotherms have higher energy requirements or small one? -Correct Answer
✔-Small organisms lose more heat because of the higher surface area to volume ratio,
so they burn more calories to stay warm
Cellular respiration -Correct Answer ✔-Transforms energy in organic molecules into
ATP and heat
How much energy is assimilated? -Correct Answer ✔-60%
Only some energy is assimilated, most is lost as heat or waste
energy can be chemical, electrical, solar (light), thermal
Homeostasis -Correct Answer ✔-Dynamic equilibrium which is actively regulated to
maintain a variable at constant level (acceptable range rather than point)
BIOL 1108
BIOL 1108 Exam 2 Study Questions
and Answers Graded A+ 2026
Kelp Abiotic Factors -Correct Answer ✔-Ocean current impacts
Cold water all year
High dissolved nutrients (upwelling brings nutrient-rich water to the surface; high in
nutrients to feed fish)
High O2
Relationship between temperature and dissolved oxygen -Correct Answer ✔-As
temperature goes up, dissolved oxygen does down
Complexity -Correct Answer ✔-Giant kelp contribute to high vertical complexity
Why is thermoregulation important to organisms? -Correct Answer ✔-Proteins start to
unravel at high temperature and bonds that hold tertiary structures break, which
changes the shape and enzyme function
Enzyme Activity vs Temperature -Correct Answer ✔-As temp increases, enzyme activity
increases until it reaches the optimal point
Adaptations to regulate temp if it's too hot -Correct Answer ✔-Sweat, dilation of blood
vessels (vascodialation), panting, shedding, burrowing, large ears (dissipate heat), go to
shade, swimming, light-colored skin, nocturnal
Adaptations to regulate temp if it's too cold -Correct Answer ✔-Blubber, hibernation, fur,
snuggle, shivering, constriction of blood vessels (vasoconstriction), INC metabolic rate,
goosebumps, limit blood flow to extremes
Thermoregulators -Correct Answer ✔-Keep internal environments constant
Pros and Cons of Thermoregulators -Correct Answer ✔-Pros: Can live in many different
places and keep enzymes at optimal level
Cons: Takes lots of energy to maintain
Thermoconformers -Correct Answer ✔-Match internal environment to external
environment
BIOL 1108
, BIOL 1108
Pros and Cons of Thermoconformers -Correct Answer ✔-Pros: takes less energy,
narrow range of habitats
Cons: enzymes might not always act optimally and limited environmental range
Endotherm -Correct Answer ✔-Temperature can be controlled by altering metabolic rate
(birds and mammals)
Ectotherm -Correct Answer ✔-Body temperature is not controlled with metabolism (all
reptiles and amphibians)
Human's Ability to Thermoregulate -Correct Answer ✔-As external temperature drops,
our metabolic rate increases (below a certain point, our metabolism isn't infinite)
Thermoneutral zone -Correct Answer ✔-The temperature range in which metabolic rate
does not need to rise to maintain body temperature
Metabolic rate = respiration rate = how fast we burn calories or consume O2
Do marine mammals have higher metabolic requirements than terrestrial animals? -
Correct Answer ✔-Yes
Sea Otters -Correct Answer ✔-Water causes heat loss 25x faster than air because of
specific heat, so they have to maximize heat through THERMOGENESIS
Skips step of making ATP and goes straight to heat
Needs lots of food to maintain both metabolism and thermogenesis
Heterotrophs and eat mostly invertebrates
Do larger ectotherms have higher energy requirements or small one? -Correct Answer
✔-Small organisms lose more heat because of the higher surface area to volume ratio,
so they burn more calories to stay warm
Cellular respiration -Correct Answer ✔-Transforms energy in organic molecules into
ATP and heat
How much energy is assimilated? -Correct Answer ✔-60%
Only some energy is assimilated, most is lost as heat or waste
energy can be chemical, electrical, solar (light), thermal
Homeostasis -Correct Answer ✔-Dynamic equilibrium which is actively regulated to
maintain a variable at constant level (acceptable range rather than point)
BIOL 1108
