HESI PN EXIT EXAM V6 COMPLETE 300+ QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS AND DETAILED RATIONALES
Question 1
The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of hypovolemic shock from
gastrointestinal bleeding. The nurse should expect which finding during
assessment?
A. Bounding pulses and hypertension
B. Tachycardia and hypotension
C. Bradycardia and hyperthermia
D. Polyuria and weight gain
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Hypovolemic shock causes decreased circulating blood volume,
leading to tachycardia (compensatory), hypotension, cool clammy skin, decreased
urine output, and altered mental status. Bounding pulses and hypertension
suggest fluid overload. Bradycardia is not typical.
Question 2
The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for a
low-residue diet for ulcerative colitis. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid
which food?
A. White bread
B. Canned pears
C. Whole grain cereal
D. Chicken broth
CORRECT ANSWER: C
,RATIONALE: Whole grain cereal is high in fiber (residue) and should be avoided on
a low-residue diet. White bread, canned pears, and chicken broth are low in
residue and allowed.
Question 3
The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis. The
nurse should monitor the client for which complication?
A. Heart failure
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Deep vein thrombosis
D. Peptic ulcer disease
CORRECT ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: Bacterial endocarditis can cause valvular damage leading to
regurgitation and heart failure. The nurse should monitor for signs of heart failure
(dyspnea, crackles, edema). Systemic emboli are also a complication, but heart
failure is a common serious complication.
Question 4
The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for a
low-sodium diet for hypertension. The nurse should instruct the client that 1
teaspoon of salt contains approximately how many milligrams of sodium?
A. 1,000 mg
B. 1,500 mg
C. 2,300 mg
D. 3,000 mg
CORRECT ANSWER: C
,RATIONALE: One teaspoon of salt contains approximately 2,300 mg of sodium.
The American Heart Association recommends limiting sodium to less than 2,300
mg per day, with an ideal limit of 1,500 mg for most adults with hypertension.
Question 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of pericarditis. Which finding
should the nurse expect during assessment?
A. Chest pain that worsens when leaning forward
B. Chest pain that improves when lying flat
C. Chest pain that improves when leaning forward
D. Substernal chest pressure that radiates to the jaw
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Pericarditis pain is sharp, pleuritic, and positional. Leaning forward
relieves pain by reducing pericardial irritation. Lying flat worsens pain. Substernal
chest pressure radiating to the jaw suggests myocardial ischemia.
Question 6
The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for a
low-fat diet for hyperlipidemia. The nurse should instruct the client to limit
saturated fat intake to less than what percentage of total daily calories?
A. 5%
B. 7%
C. 10%
D. 15%
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: The American Heart Association recommends limiting saturated fat to
less than 7% of total daily calories for clients with hyperlipidemia. Total fat should
be 25-35% of calories, with most coming from unsaturated fats.
, Question 7
The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of meningitis. The nurse
should report which finding to the healthcare provider immediately as a sign of
septic shock?
A. Fever and chills
B. Tachycardia and hypotension
C. Photophobia and nuchal rigidity
D. Headache and vomiting
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Tachycardia and hypotension are signs of septic shock, a life-
threatening complication of meningitis. This requires immediate intervention.
Fever, chills, photophobia, nuchal rigidity, headache, and vomiting are common in
meningitis but do not indicate shock.
Question 8
The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for a
low-tyramine diet while taking an MAOI. The nurse should instruct the client to
avoid which food?
A. Fresh mozzarella cheese
B. Soy sauce
C. Cream cheese
D. Cottage cheese
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Soy sauce is high in tyramine and can cause a hypertensive crisis
when taken with MAOIs. Fresh mozzarella, cream cheese, and cottage cheese are
lower in tyramine.
ANSWERS AND DETAILED RATIONALES
Question 1
The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of hypovolemic shock from
gastrointestinal bleeding. The nurse should expect which finding during
assessment?
A. Bounding pulses and hypertension
B. Tachycardia and hypotension
C. Bradycardia and hyperthermia
D. Polyuria and weight gain
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Hypovolemic shock causes decreased circulating blood volume,
leading to tachycardia (compensatory), hypotension, cool clammy skin, decreased
urine output, and altered mental status. Bounding pulses and hypertension
suggest fluid overload. Bradycardia is not typical.
Question 2
The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for a
low-residue diet for ulcerative colitis. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid
which food?
A. White bread
B. Canned pears
C. Whole grain cereal
D. Chicken broth
CORRECT ANSWER: C
,RATIONALE: Whole grain cereal is high in fiber (residue) and should be avoided on
a low-residue diet. White bread, canned pears, and chicken broth are low in
residue and allowed.
Question 3
The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis. The
nurse should monitor the client for which complication?
A. Heart failure
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Deep vein thrombosis
D. Peptic ulcer disease
CORRECT ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: Bacterial endocarditis can cause valvular damage leading to
regurgitation and heart failure. The nurse should monitor for signs of heart failure
(dyspnea, crackles, edema). Systemic emboli are also a complication, but heart
failure is a common serious complication.
Question 4
The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for a
low-sodium diet for hypertension. The nurse should instruct the client that 1
teaspoon of salt contains approximately how many milligrams of sodium?
A. 1,000 mg
B. 1,500 mg
C. 2,300 mg
D. 3,000 mg
CORRECT ANSWER: C
,RATIONALE: One teaspoon of salt contains approximately 2,300 mg of sodium.
The American Heart Association recommends limiting sodium to less than 2,300
mg per day, with an ideal limit of 1,500 mg for most adults with hypertension.
Question 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of pericarditis. Which finding
should the nurse expect during assessment?
A. Chest pain that worsens when leaning forward
B. Chest pain that improves when lying flat
C. Chest pain that improves when leaning forward
D. Substernal chest pressure that radiates to the jaw
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Pericarditis pain is sharp, pleuritic, and positional. Leaning forward
relieves pain by reducing pericardial irritation. Lying flat worsens pain. Substernal
chest pressure radiating to the jaw suggests myocardial ischemia.
Question 6
The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for a
low-fat diet for hyperlipidemia. The nurse should instruct the client to limit
saturated fat intake to less than what percentage of total daily calories?
A. 5%
B. 7%
C. 10%
D. 15%
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: The American Heart Association recommends limiting saturated fat to
less than 7% of total daily calories for clients with hyperlipidemia. Total fat should
be 25-35% of calories, with most coming from unsaturated fats.
, Question 7
The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of meningitis. The nurse
should report which finding to the healthcare provider immediately as a sign of
septic shock?
A. Fever and chills
B. Tachycardia and hypotension
C. Photophobia and nuchal rigidity
D. Headache and vomiting
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Tachycardia and hypotension are signs of septic shock, a life-
threatening complication of meningitis. This requires immediate intervention.
Fever, chills, photophobia, nuchal rigidity, headache, and vomiting are common in
meningitis but do not indicate shock.
Question 8
The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for a
low-tyramine diet while taking an MAOI. The nurse should instruct the client to
avoid which food?
A. Fresh mozzarella cheese
B. Soy sauce
C. Cream cheese
D. Cottage cheese
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Soy sauce is high in tyramine and can cause a hypertensive crisis
when taken with MAOIs. Fresh mozzarella, cream cheese, and cottage cheese are
lower in tyramine.
