Test Bank For
Psychology the Science of Behavior Seventh Edition R.H. Ettinger
Chapters 1-17 Answer are at the End of Each Chapter
Chapter 1
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. You meet a researcher who is studying how individual neurons in the brain are active during a memory task. This
researcher is likely a
a. clinical neuroscientist.
b. social psychologist.
c. cognitive psychologist
d. behavioral neuroscientist.
2. Which of the following is a biological psychologist most likely to study?
a. brain activity during reading
b. the effects of different medications on the effectiveness of therapy
c. how people respond to social pressure
d. how quickly lab rats can learn to run a maze
3. Which of the following is a way that a cognitive psychologist's approach to studying short-term memory would differ
from a behaviorist's approach?
a. The cognitive psychologist would measure outward behaviors, and the behaviorist would measure brain
activity.
b. The cognitive psychologist would measure reaction times in humans, and the behaviorist would measure only
animal behavior.
c. The cognitive psychologist would use humanistic psychology to generate theories, and the behaviorist would
not.
d. The cognitive psychologist would be interested in the mental processes involved, and the behaviorist would
study on outward behavior.
4. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and
a. introspection.
b. beliefs.
c. emotion.
d. brain functions.
5. Rather than describe the behavior of an "average" person, some psychologists focus on how behavior can vary from
person to person; this is a concept known as
a. behavioral sets.
b. personality.
c. individual differences.
d. diversity.
6. A researcher who believes differences in brain structure cause mental disorders is following which model of abnormal
psychology?
a. supernatural model
b. medical model
, c. psychological model
d. Gestalt model
7. horndike studied how cats can become progressively faster escaping a locked box; Pavlov studied how dogs associate a
bell sound with upcoming food. What is the crucial difference between these two avenues of research?
a. Thorndike focused on consequences of behavior, and Pavlov focused on environmental cues
b. Thorndike was a structuralist, and Pavlov was a behaviorist.
c. Thorndike was studying behavior not also seen in humans.
d. Thorndike was studying classical conditioning, and Pavlov was studying cognitive learning.
8. Freud‟s approach to psychology emphasizes
a. the impact of early life experiences and the unconscious mind on behavior.
b. the relative unimportance of the unconscious mind.
c. the use of tests of reaction time.
d. Gestalt psychology
9. Which of the following research topics would a developmental psychologist most likely be interested in?
a. how people respond to a memory task when in a group versus as an individual
b. how infants and young adults perform on a memory task
c. how personality differences influence puzzle solving ability
d. how animals can learn to solve mazes
10. Functionalism is an important piece to understanding the history of psychology because
a. all contemporary psychologists are functionalists at heart.
b. opposition to functionalism led to the development of structuralism.
c. opposition to functionalism led to the development of Gestalt psychology
d. functionalism was the first school of psychology.
11. Your friend is feeling depressed and their doctor refers them to both a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist. Why
would the doctor most likely have referred your friend to both of these specialists?
a. Because depression cannot be treated with therapy alone.
b. He believes your friend‟s depression is caused by both behavioral and brain issues.
c. He believes your friend may benefit from both medication and therapy.
d. He believes your friend would benefit from both psychotherapy and clinical therapy.
12. Which of the following is a cognitive psychologist most likely to study?
a. how brain damage affects memory
b. how quickly people can learn a sequence of numbers and respond to them
c. how people respond to social pressure
d. the evolutionary purpose of problem-solving
13. Which of the following is a common critique of Freud?
a. He conducted faulty experiments to verify his theories.
b. He did not treat mental disorders.
c. He ignored the role of the unconscious mind.
d. His methods were not scientific.
14. Which of the following is likely an example of classical conditioning?
a. You memorize your friend‟s phone number.
, b. You go skydiving for the first time, and feel intense fear just before jumping.
c. Your dog salivates when you are pouring food in the bowl.
d. You feel hungry whenever you drive past your favorite restaurant.
15. Humanistic psychology is a school of thought in which
a. people are viewed as inherently good.
b. human behavior is seen on a continuum with animal behavior.
c. Freud laid down the critical principles.
d. structuralism is more important than functionalism.
16. Your friend is entering a doctoral program in psychology. One of her first steps will likely be to
a. identify one of the five psychological perspectives to focus on.
b. do an internship.
c. write a thesis.
d. run a research study.
17. A psychologist who utilizes research on schizophrenia to develop a treatment plan is a(n)
a. clinical psychologist.
b. social psychologist.
c. individual differences psychologist.
d. behavioral neuroscientist.
18. An individual's characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving is their
a. personality.
b. individual difference.
c. developmental span.
d. behavioral profile.
19. A psychologist who studies how people process information when solving a puzzle is likely a
a. biological psychologist.
b. behavioral neuroscientist.
c. evolutionary psychologist.
d. cognitive psychologist.
20. Which of the following explains the difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists?
a. Psychiatrists can prescribe medication and clinical psychologists cannot.
b. Psychiatrists treat patients surgically.
c. Only clinical psychologists can prescribe medication.
d. Only psychiatrists practice psychoanalysis.
21. The field of psychology focused on changes across the lifespan is
a. life psychology.
b. developmental psychology.
c. cognitive psychology.
d. aging psychology.
22. A friend mentions that they would like to teach psychology to college students at 4-year universities and conduct
research. What educational path would you recommend they follow?
a. They will need to do an internship after completing a graduate education.
, b. They should get a doctorate in psychology.
c. They should do graduate work in school psychology.
d. They will need to be a psychology major for the undergraduate degree.
23. Pavlov and Watson were behaviorists who followed different avenues of research. The common thread between them
was
a. a basis in humanistic psychology.
b. a basis in cognitive psychology.
c. the link between environmental cues and behavior.
d. using the law of effect to explain behavior.
24. How does a clinical or counseling track of graduate psychology school differ from non-clinical areas in psychology?
a. Clinical tracks generally take less time.
b. Clinicians must also get a medical degree.
c. Clinicians get a doctorate degree; other areas get master's degrees.
d. Clinicians must go through an internship and supervised training process.
25. Which of the following explains why behaviorists performed research on animals?
a. Evolutionary theory suggests parallels between human and animal behavior.
b. It would be unethical to perform behavioral studies on humans.
c. Animal brain structures are mostly similar to human brain structures.
d. They believed uniquely human aspects of cognition could not be studied.
26. Some psychological disorder has a heritability of 0.5. It is also more common in people who experience abuse or
malnutrition as children. What do these two findings imply about the medical and psychological models of psychological
disorder?
a. that neither model is entirely correct
b. that the medical model is correct, and the psychological model is incorrect
c. that in certain cases the psychological model is correct, but in other cases the medical model is correct
d. that the medical model is only valid in cases where heritability is high
27. The psychology perspective focusing on the physical mechanisms underlying behavior is
a. biological psychology.
b. cognitive psychology.
c. social psychology.
d. Freudian psychology.
28. How do behaviorism and cognitive psychology differ?
a. Behaviorism studies internal mental states; cognitive psychology does not.
b. Cognitive psychology studies and theorizes on internal mental states; behaviorism does not.
c. Cognitive psychology focuses on brain structures; behaviorism does not.
d. Behaviorism focuses on brain structures; cognitive psychology does not.
29. A psychologist who focuses on environmental factors is likely to have trouble explaining why some children who are
maltreated engage in antisocial behavior while others do not, because
a. genetics are a critical factor in antisocial behavior
b. environmental factors play no role in antisocial behavior and maltreatment.
c. antisocial behavior is not a clinical issue.
d. maltreatment should be studied by a social psychologist.
Psychology the Science of Behavior Seventh Edition R.H. Ettinger
Chapters 1-17 Answer are at the End of Each Chapter
Chapter 1
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. You meet a researcher who is studying how individual neurons in the brain are active during a memory task. This
researcher is likely a
a. clinical neuroscientist.
b. social psychologist.
c. cognitive psychologist
d. behavioral neuroscientist.
2. Which of the following is a biological psychologist most likely to study?
a. brain activity during reading
b. the effects of different medications on the effectiveness of therapy
c. how people respond to social pressure
d. how quickly lab rats can learn to run a maze
3. Which of the following is a way that a cognitive psychologist's approach to studying short-term memory would differ
from a behaviorist's approach?
a. The cognitive psychologist would measure outward behaviors, and the behaviorist would measure brain
activity.
b. The cognitive psychologist would measure reaction times in humans, and the behaviorist would measure only
animal behavior.
c. The cognitive psychologist would use humanistic psychology to generate theories, and the behaviorist would
not.
d. The cognitive psychologist would be interested in the mental processes involved, and the behaviorist would
study on outward behavior.
4. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and
a. introspection.
b. beliefs.
c. emotion.
d. brain functions.
5. Rather than describe the behavior of an "average" person, some psychologists focus on how behavior can vary from
person to person; this is a concept known as
a. behavioral sets.
b. personality.
c. individual differences.
d. diversity.
6. A researcher who believes differences in brain structure cause mental disorders is following which model of abnormal
psychology?
a. supernatural model
b. medical model
, c. psychological model
d. Gestalt model
7. horndike studied how cats can become progressively faster escaping a locked box; Pavlov studied how dogs associate a
bell sound with upcoming food. What is the crucial difference between these two avenues of research?
a. Thorndike focused on consequences of behavior, and Pavlov focused on environmental cues
b. Thorndike was a structuralist, and Pavlov was a behaviorist.
c. Thorndike was studying behavior not also seen in humans.
d. Thorndike was studying classical conditioning, and Pavlov was studying cognitive learning.
8. Freud‟s approach to psychology emphasizes
a. the impact of early life experiences and the unconscious mind on behavior.
b. the relative unimportance of the unconscious mind.
c. the use of tests of reaction time.
d. Gestalt psychology
9. Which of the following research topics would a developmental psychologist most likely be interested in?
a. how people respond to a memory task when in a group versus as an individual
b. how infants and young adults perform on a memory task
c. how personality differences influence puzzle solving ability
d. how animals can learn to solve mazes
10. Functionalism is an important piece to understanding the history of psychology because
a. all contemporary psychologists are functionalists at heart.
b. opposition to functionalism led to the development of structuralism.
c. opposition to functionalism led to the development of Gestalt psychology
d. functionalism was the first school of psychology.
11. Your friend is feeling depressed and their doctor refers them to both a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist. Why
would the doctor most likely have referred your friend to both of these specialists?
a. Because depression cannot be treated with therapy alone.
b. He believes your friend‟s depression is caused by both behavioral and brain issues.
c. He believes your friend may benefit from both medication and therapy.
d. He believes your friend would benefit from both psychotherapy and clinical therapy.
12. Which of the following is a cognitive psychologist most likely to study?
a. how brain damage affects memory
b. how quickly people can learn a sequence of numbers and respond to them
c. how people respond to social pressure
d. the evolutionary purpose of problem-solving
13. Which of the following is a common critique of Freud?
a. He conducted faulty experiments to verify his theories.
b. He did not treat mental disorders.
c. He ignored the role of the unconscious mind.
d. His methods were not scientific.
14. Which of the following is likely an example of classical conditioning?
a. You memorize your friend‟s phone number.
, b. You go skydiving for the first time, and feel intense fear just before jumping.
c. Your dog salivates when you are pouring food in the bowl.
d. You feel hungry whenever you drive past your favorite restaurant.
15. Humanistic psychology is a school of thought in which
a. people are viewed as inherently good.
b. human behavior is seen on a continuum with animal behavior.
c. Freud laid down the critical principles.
d. structuralism is more important than functionalism.
16. Your friend is entering a doctoral program in psychology. One of her first steps will likely be to
a. identify one of the five psychological perspectives to focus on.
b. do an internship.
c. write a thesis.
d. run a research study.
17. A psychologist who utilizes research on schizophrenia to develop a treatment plan is a(n)
a. clinical psychologist.
b. social psychologist.
c. individual differences psychologist.
d. behavioral neuroscientist.
18. An individual's characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving is their
a. personality.
b. individual difference.
c. developmental span.
d. behavioral profile.
19. A psychologist who studies how people process information when solving a puzzle is likely a
a. biological psychologist.
b. behavioral neuroscientist.
c. evolutionary psychologist.
d. cognitive psychologist.
20. Which of the following explains the difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists?
a. Psychiatrists can prescribe medication and clinical psychologists cannot.
b. Psychiatrists treat patients surgically.
c. Only clinical psychologists can prescribe medication.
d. Only psychiatrists practice psychoanalysis.
21. The field of psychology focused on changes across the lifespan is
a. life psychology.
b. developmental psychology.
c. cognitive psychology.
d. aging psychology.
22. A friend mentions that they would like to teach psychology to college students at 4-year universities and conduct
research. What educational path would you recommend they follow?
a. They will need to do an internship after completing a graduate education.
, b. They should get a doctorate in psychology.
c. They should do graduate work in school psychology.
d. They will need to be a psychology major for the undergraduate degree.
23. Pavlov and Watson were behaviorists who followed different avenues of research. The common thread between them
was
a. a basis in humanistic psychology.
b. a basis in cognitive psychology.
c. the link between environmental cues and behavior.
d. using the law of effect to explain behavior.
24. How does a clinical or counseling track of graduate psychology school differ from non-clinical areas in psychology?
a. Clinical tracks generally take less time.
b. Clinicians must also get a medical degree.
c. Clinicians get a doctorate degree; other areas get master's degrees.
d. Clinicians must go through an internship and supervised training process.
25. Which of the following explains why behaviorists performed research on animals?
a. Evolutionary theory suggests parallels between human and animal behavior.
b. It would be unethical to perform behavioral studies on humans.
c. Animal brain structures are mostly similar to human brain structures.
d. They believed uniquely human aspects of cognition could not be studied.
26. Some psychological disorder has a heritability of 0.5. It is also more common in people who experience abuse or
malnutrition as children. What do these two findings imply about the medical and psychological models of psychological
disorder?
a. that neither model is entirely correct
b. that the medical model is correct, and the psychological model is incorrect
c. that in certain cases the psychological model is correct, but in other cases the medical model is correct
d. that the medical model is only valid in cases where heritability is high
27. The psychology perspective focusing on the physical mechanisms underlying behavior is
a. biological psychology.
b. cognitive psychology.
c. social psychology.
d. Freudian psychology.
28. How do behaviorism and cognitive psychology differ?
a. Behaviorism studies internal mental states; cognitive psychology does not.
b. Cognitive psychology studies and theorizes on internal mental states; behaviorism does not.
c. Cognitive psychology focuses on brain structures; behaviorism does not.
d. Behaviorism focuses on brain structures; cognitive psychology does not.
29. A psychologist who focuses on environmental factors is likely to have trouble explaining why some children who are
maltreated engage in antisocial behavior while others do not, because
a. genetics are a critical factor in antisocial behavior
b. environmental factors play no role in antisocial behavior and maltreatment.
c. antisocial behavior is not a clinical issue.
d. maltreatment should be studied by a social psychologist.
