Adult Health 2 Pharmacology exam| QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION
Terms in this set (195)
The nurse is caring for a patient who is diagnosed with ANS: A
active tuberculosis. The patient tells the nurse that the INH is the drug of choice for prophylactic treatment of
TB. provider plans to order a prophylactic antitubercular
drug for family members and asks which drug will be
ordered. The nurse will expect the provider to order
which drug?
a.Isoniazid
b. Pyrazinamide
c. Rifampin
d. Streptomycin
A patient is receiving antitubercular treatment for latent ANS: B Peripheral neuropathy can be a problem in patients taking
isoniazid, TB. The patient develops symptoms of peripheral especially for those who are malnourished, have diabetes
mellitus, or are neuropathy and is started on pyridoxine (vitamin B6). The alcoholics. This condition can be prevented if
pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is nurse suspects this was caused by which of the following administered.
medications?
a.Ethambutol
b.Isoniazid
c. Rifampin
d. Kanamycin
,The nurse is teaching a patient about rifampin. ANS: A Patients taking rifampin should be warned that urine, feces, saliva, sputum,
Which statement by the patient indicates sweat, and tears may turn a harmless red-orange color. Patients should not wear
understanding of the teaching? soft contact lenses to avoid permanent staining. Streptomycin is associated with
ototoxicity. Orange urine is a harmless side effect and does not need to be
a."I should not wear soft contact lenses while reported. Renal toxicity is not common with rifampin.
taking rifampin."
b."I will report any changes in my hearing while taking
this drug."
c. "I will report orange urine to my provider immediately."
d."I understand that renal toxicity is a common
adverse effect."
A patient is being treated with isoniazid (INH), rifampin, ANS: B If there is bacterial resistance to isoniazid, the first phase may be
and pyrazinamide in the initial phase of treatment changed to ethambutol, rifampin, and pyrazinamide. Ciprofloxacin, kanamycin,
for tuberculosis. The organism develops resistance and streptomycin are not generally firstline antitubercular drugs.
to isoniazid. Which drug will the nurse anticipate
the provider will order to replace the isoniazid?
a.Ciprofloxacin
b. Ethambutol
c. Kanamycin
d.Streptomycin sulfate
. A patient who is taking isoniazid (INH) as part of a ANS: D Peripheral neuropathy is an adverse reaction to INH, so pyridoxine is
two- drug tuberculosis treatment regimen reports usually given to prevent this. It is not necessary to change medications.
tingling of the fingers and toes. The nurse will Increasing fluids will not help with this.
recommend discussing which treatment with the
provider?
a.Adding pyrazinamide
b.Changing to ethambutol
c. Increasing oral fluid intake
d.Taking pyridoxine (B6)
A patient asks the nurse about taking over-the-counter ANS: B The primary ingredient in OTC sleep aids is typically an antihistamine such as
sleeping aids. the nurse will tell the patient that the diphenhydramine, not barbiturates or benzodiazepines. Melatonin can also be
active ingredient in these products is often a(n) purchased as an over-the-counter product.
a.antiemetic.
b.antihistamine.
c. barbiturate.
d. benzodiazepine.
The nurse provides teaching for a patient who will ANS: D Phenytoin can cause reddish-brown colored urine. Patients should be
begin taking phenytoin. Which statement by the patient counseled to report a rash to the provider because it could be a serious adverse
indicates understanding of the teaching? reaction. Bleeding gums are common, but patients should never stop taking
anticonvulsants abruptly, or they may develop seizures. Changes in blood
a."If I develop a rash, I should take diphenhydramine to glucose may occur but do not necessarily result in diabetes.
control the itching."
b."If I experience bleeding gums, I should stop taking
the medication immediately."
c. "Most people develop diabetes while taking this
medication."
d."I should not be alarmed if my urine turns
reddish- brown."
,A patient who takes a monoamine oxidase (MAO)
ANS: C
inhibitor asks the nurse about taking over-the
MAO inhibitors can cause hypertensive crises, which can be fatal when taken with
counter medications to treat cold symptoms. Which
sympathomimetic drugs such as pseudoephedrine.
medication will the nurse counsel the patient to avoid
while taking a MAO inhibitor?
a.Diphenhydramine
b. Guaifenesin
c. Pseudoephedrine
d.Saline nasal spray
One hour after receiving intravenous morphine sulfate,
ANS: D Pruritus is a common opioid side effect and can be managed with
a patient reports generalized itching. The nurse assesses
diphenhydramine. Patients developing anaphylaxis will have urticaria and
the patient and notes clear breath sounds, no rash,
hypotension, and these patients will need epinephrine and resuscitation.
respirations of 14 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 68
Respiratory depression is a sign of morphine overdose, which will require
beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 110/70 mm
naloxone.
Hg. Which action will the nurse take?
a. Administer naloxone to reverse opiate overdose.
b.Have resuscitation equipment available at the bedside.
c. Prepare an epinephrine injection in case of
an anaphylactic reaction.
d.Reassure the patient that this is a common side effect
of this drug.
Prior to administration of interferon alpha, the nurse will
ANS: A Patients receiving these drugs should be premedicated with
administer which medications?
acetaminophen to reduce chills and fever and with diphenhydramine to
reduce histamine effects.
a. Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine
b.Heparin and meperidine
c. Lorazepam and furosemide
d.Narcotic analgesics and loratadine
. The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving
ANS: B Diphenhydramine has anticholinergic effects, including urinary retention.
diphenhydramine. the nurse notes that the patient has
thenurse should assess for bladder distension to determine if this is thecase.
not voided for 12 hours. What action will the nurse
Encouraging thepatient to drink more fluids or giving intravenous fluids may
take?
be necessary if thepatient has oliguria secondary to dehydration. Urinary
catheterization is not indicated until urinary retention has been diagnosed.
a.Encourage the patient to drink more fluids.
b.Evaluate the bladder to check for distension.
c. Request an order for an intravenous fluid bolus.
d.Request an order for urinary catheterization
A patient who has seasonal allergies with a runny nose ANS: C A side effect of diphenhydramine is drowsiness. Patients whose
nighttime during the daytime reports increasing nighttime symptoms symptoms clear should be able to sleep better, especially with
drowsiness side of coughing and sneezing that are interfering with sleep. effects. Avoiding fluids does not prevent urinary
retention. thehalf-life of
the provider recommends diphenhydramine at bedtime. diphenhydramine is short, so drug effects will not last through thenext day.
There is What information will the nurse include when teaching no need to take themedication on an empty stomach.
the patient about this medication?
a."Avoid fluids at bedtime to prevent urinary retention."
b."This will help clear your daytime symptoms, too."
c. "You should be able to sleep better when you take
this medication."
d."You should take this medication on an
empty stomach."
, The nurse is caring for a patient who is hospitalized for an ANS: B Cetirizine is an antihistamine, which is indicated for this patient's
symptoms. asthma exacerbation. the patient reports taking Diphenhydramine is also an antihistamine but, because of its
anticholinergic side diphenhydramine at home at night to help with symptoms effects, should be used with caution in patients with
acute asthma. Benzonatate of allergic rhinitis and cough. the nurse will contact the and dextromethorphan are antitussives and
not antihistamines.
patient's provider to request an order for which
medication?
a.Benzonatate
b. Cetirizine
c. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide
d. Diphenhydramine
The patient who has nasal congestion asks the nurse to ANS: C Nasal phenylephrine is a topical decongestant and causes less systemic
recommend a decongestant medication. the nurse side effects than ephedrine, which should not be given with beta blockers.
performs a medication history and learns that the patient Diphenhydramine and loratadine are antihistamines, not decongestants.
takes a beta blocker to treat hypertension. Which of
the over-the-counter products below would be
most appropriate to recommend?
a.Diphenhydramine
b. Ephedrine
c. Phenylephrine nasal
d. Loratadine
A patient asks the nurse about taking over-the-counter ANS: B The primary ingredient in OTC sleep aids is typically an antihistamine
such sleeping aids. the nurse will tell the patient that the active as diphenhydramine, not barbiturates or benzodiazepines. Melatonin can
also be ingredient in these products is often a(n) purchased as an over-the-counter product.
a.antiemetic.
b.antihistamine.
c. barbiturate.
d. benzodiazepine.
The nurse provides teaching for a patient who will begin ANS: D Montelukast and other leukotriene receptor antagonists are not
used to taking montelukast. the patient has a known sensitivity to treat acute symptoms and are dosed once daily. Because they
can affect liver aspirin. Which statement by the patient indicates a need enzymes, periodic liver function tests should be
performed. Patients taking this for further teaching? drug should not use ibuprofen or aspirin as they will block the effects of
a."I will need to have periodic laboratory tests while montelukast. This medication is recommended to be given in the
evening. taking this medication."
b."I will not take ibuprofen for pain or fever while
taking this drug."
c. "I will take one tablet daily at bedtime."
d."I will use this as needed for acute symptoms."
The nurse is performing a medication history on a patient ANS: C The beta2 agonists can increase serum glucose levels and
montelukast who reports long-term use of montelukast and an can elevate liver enzymes, so these should be monitored in
patients taking these albuterol metered-dose inhaler. the nurse will contact the medications.
provider to discuss an order for which laboratory tests?
a.Cardiac enzymes and serum calcium
b. Electrolytes and a complete blood count
c. Liver function tests and serum glucose
d.Urinalysis and serum magnesium
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION
Terms in this set (195)
The nurse is caring for a patient who is diagnosed with ANS: A
active tuberculosis. The patient tells the nurse that the INH is the drug of choice for prophylactic treatment of
TB. provider plans to order a prophylactic antitubercular
drug for family members and asks which drug will be
ordered. The nurse will expect the provider to order
which drug?
a.Isoniazid
b. Pyrazinamide
c. Rifampin
d. Streptomycin
A patient is receiving antitubercular treatment for latent ANS: B Peripheral neuropathy can be a problem in patients taking
isoniazid, TB. The patient develops symptoms of peripheral especially for those who are malnourished, have diabetes
mellitus, or are neuropathy and is started on pyridoxine (vitamin B6). The alcoholics. This condition can be prevented if
pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is nurse suspects this was caused by which of the following administered.
medications?
a.Ethambutol
b.Isoniazid
c. Rifampin
d. Kanamycin
,The nurse is teaching a patient about rifampin. ANS: A Patients taking rifampin should be warned that urine, feces, saliva, sputum,
Which statement by the patient indicates sweat, and tears may turn a harmless red-orange color. Patients should not wear
understanding of the teaching? soft contact lenses to avoid permanent staining. Streptomycin is associated with
ototoxicity. Orange urine is a harmless side effect and does not need to be
a."I should not wear soft contact lenses while reported. Renal toxicity is not common with rifampin.
taking rifampin."
b."I will report any changes in my hearing while taking
this drug."
c. "I will report orange urine to my provider immediately."
d."I understand that renal toxicity is a common
adverse effect."
A patient is being treated with isoniazid (INH), rifampin, ANS: B If there is bacterial resistance to isoniazid, the first phase may be
and pyrazinamide in the initial phase of treatment changed to ethambutol, rifampin, and pyrazinamide. Ciprofloxacin, kanamycin,
for tuberculosis. The organism develops resistance and streptomycin are not generally firstline antitubercular drugs.
to isoniazid. Which drug will the nurse anticipate
the provider will order to replace the isoniazid?
a.Ciprofloxacin
b. Ethambutol
c. Kanamycin
d.Streptomycin sulfate
. A patient who is taking isoniazid (INH) as part of a ANS: D Peripheral neuropathy is an adverse reaction to INH, so pyridoxine is
two- drug tuberculosis treatment regimen reports usually given to prevent this. It is not necessary to change medications.
tingling of the fingers and toes. The nurse will Increasing fluids will not help with this.
recommend discussing which treatment with the
provider?
a.Adding pyrazinamide
b.Changing to ethambutol
c. Increasing oral fluid intake
d.Taking pyridoxine (B6)
A patient asks the nurse about taking over-the-counter ANS: B The primary ingredient in OTC sleep aids is typically an antihistamine such as
sleeping aids. the nurse will tell the patient that the diphenhydramine, not barbiturates or benzodiazepines. Melatonin can also be
active ingredient in these products is often a(n) purchased as an over-the-counter product.
a.antiemetic.
b.antihistamine.
c. barbiturate.
d. benzodiazepine.
The nurse provides teaching for a patient who will ANS: D Phenytoin can cause reddish-brown colored urine. Patients should be
begin taking phenytoin. Which statement by the patient counseled to report a rash to the provider because it could be a serious adverse
indicates understanding of the teaching? reaction. Bleeding gums are common, but patients should never stop taking
anticonvulsants abruptly, or they may develop seizures. Changes in blood
a."If I develop a rash, I should take diphenhydramine to glucose may occur but do not necessarily result in diabetes.
control the itching."
b."If I experience bleeding gums, I should stop taking
the medication immediately."
c. "Most people develop diabetes while taking this
medication."
d."I should not be alarmed if my urine turns
reddish- brown."
,A patient who takes a monoamine oxidase (MAO)
ANS: C
inhibitor asks the nurse about taking over-the
MAO inhibitors can cause hypertensive crises, which can be fatal when taken with
counter medications to treat cold symptoms. Which
sympathomimetic drugs such as pseudoephedrine.
medication will the nurse counsel the patient to avoid
while taking a MAO inhibitor?
a.Diphenhydramine
b. Guaifenesin
c. Pseudoephedrine
d.Saline nasal spray
One hour after receiving intravenous morphine sulfate,
ANS: D Pruritus is a common opioid side effect and can be managed with
a patient reports generalized itching. The nurse assesses
diphenhydramine. Patients developing anaphylaxis will have urticaria and
the patient and notes clear breath sounds, no rash,
hypotension, and these patients will need epinephrine and resuscitation.
respirations of 14 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 68
Respiratory depression is a sign of morphine overdose, which will require
beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 110/70 mm
naloxone.
Hg. Which action will the nurse take?
a. Administer naloxone to reverse opiate overdose.
b.Have resuscitation equipment available at the bedside.
c. Prepare an epinephrine injection in case of
an anaphylactic reaction.
d.Reassure the patient that this is a common side effect
of this drug.
Prior to administration of interferon alpha, the nurse will
ANS: A Patients receiving these drugs should be premedicated with
administer which medications?
acetaminophen to reduce chills and fever and with diphenhydramine to
reduce histamine effects.
a. Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine
b.Heparin and meperidine
c. Lorazepam and furosemide
d.Narcotic analgesics and loratadine
. The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving
ANS: B Diphenhydramine has anticholinergic effects, including urinary retention.
diphenhydramine. the nurse notes that the patient has
thenurse should assess for bladder distension to determine if this is thecase.
not voided for 12 hours. What action will the nurse
Encouraging thepatient to drink more fluids or giving intravenous fluids may
take?
be necessary if thepatient has oliguria secondary to dehydration. Urinary
catheterization is not indicated until urinary retention has been diagnosed.
a.Encourage the patient to drink more fluids.
b.Evaluate the bladder to check for distension.
c. Request an order for an intravenous fluid bolus.
d.Request an order for urinary catheterization
A patient who has seasonal allergies with a runny nose ANS: C A side effect of diphenhydramine is drowsiness. Patients whose
nighttime during the daytime reports increasing nighttime symptoms symptoms clear should be able to sleep better, especially with
drowsiness side of coughing and sneezing that are interfering with sleep. effects. Avoiding fluids does not prevent urinary
retention. thehalf-life of
the provider recommends diphenhydramine at bedtime. diphenhydramine is short, so drug effects will not last through thenext day.
There is What information will the nurse include when teaching no need to take themedication on an empty stomach.
the patient about this medication?
a."Avoid fluids at bedtime to prevent urinary retention."
b."This will help clear your daytime symptoms, too."
c. "You should be able to sleep better when you take
this medication."
d."You should take this medication on an
empty stomach."
, The nurse is caring for a patient who is hospitalized for an ANS: B Cetirizine is an antihistamine, which is indicated for this patient's
symptoms. asthma exacerbation. the patient reports taking Diphenhydramine is also an antihistamine but, because of its
anticholinergic side diphenhydramine at home at night to help with symptoms effects, should be used with caution in patients with
acute asthma. Benzonatate of allergic rhinitis and cough. the nurse will contact the and dextromethorphan are antitussives and
not antihistamines.
patient's provider to request an order for which
medication?
a.Benzonatate
b. Cetirizine
c. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide
d. Diphenhydramine
The patient who has nasal congestion asks the nurse to ANS: C Nasal phenylephrine is a topical decongestant and causes less systemic
recommend a decongestant medication. the nurse side effects than ephedrine, which should not be given with beta blockers.
performs a medication history and learns that the patient Diphenhydramine and loratadine are antihistamines, not decongestants.
takes a beta blocker to treat hypertension. Which of
the over-the-counter products below would be
most appropriate to recommend?
a.Diphenhydramine
b. Ephedrine
c. Phenylephrine nasal
d. Loratadine
A patient asks the nurse about taking over-the-counter ANS: B The primary ingredient in OTC sleep aids is typically an antihistamine
such sleeping aids. the nurse will tell the patient that the active as diphenhydramine, not barbiturates or benzodiazepines. Melatonin can
also be ingredient in these products is often a(n) purchased as an over-the-counter product.
a.antiemetic.
b.antihistamine.
c. barbiturate.
d. benzodiazepine.
The nurse provides teaching for a patient who will begin ANS: D Montelukast and other leukotriene receptor antagonists are not
used to taking montelukast. the patient has a known sensitivity to treat acute symptoms and are dosed once daily. Because they
can affect liver aspirin. Which statement by the patient indicates a need enzymes, periodic liver function tests should be
performed. Patients taking this for further teaching? drug should not use ibuprofen or aspirin as they will block the effects of
a."I will need to have periodic laboratory tests while montelukast. This medication is recommended to be given in the
evening. taking this medication."
b."I will not take ibuprofen for pain or fever while
taking this drug."
c. "I will take one tablet daily at bedtime."
d."I will use this as needed for acute symptoms."
The nurse is performing a medication history on a patient ANS: C The beta2 agonists can increase serum glucose levels and
montelukast who reports long-term use of montelukast and an can elevate liver enzymes, so these should be monitored in
patients taking these albuterol metered-dose inhaler. the nurse will contact the medications.
provider to discuss an order for which laboratory tests?
a.Cardiac enzymes and serum calcium
b. Electrolytes and a complete blood count
c. Liver function tests and serum glucose
d.Urinalysis and serum magnesium
