BIOL251 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
11 systems of the human body - CORRECT ANSWER-
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular,
lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive
anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER- study of structure
physiology - CORRECT ANSWER- study of how body parts function
level of structural organization - CORRECT ANSWER- chemical,
cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
integumentary components - CORRECT ANSWER- skin, hair, nails
integumentary functions - CORRECT ANSWER- protection, body
temperature regulation, insulation
skeletal components - CORRECT ANSWER- bones, joints, cartilage
skeletal functions - CORRECT ANSWER- structure, support, body
movements
muscular components - CORRECT ANSWER- skeletal muscle
tissue
muscular functions - CORRECT ANSWER- movements, produces
heat, maintains posture
,nervous components - CORRECT ANSWER- brain, spinal cord,
nerves, sensory organs (eyes and ears)
nervous functions - CORRECT ANSWER- action potentials,
regulates body activities, detects changes in internal and external
endocrine components - CORRECT ANSWER- hormone producing
glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituary gland, ovaries, etc.)
endocrine functions - CORRECT ANSWER- releasing hormones
(chemical messengers)
cardiovascular components - CORRECT ANSWER- blood, heart,
blood vessels
cardiovascular functions - CORRECT ANSWER- pumping blood,
helps regulate temperature and water content of body fluids
lymphatic components - CORRECT ANSWER- lymphatic fluid,
vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils
lymphatic functions - CORRECT ANSWER- returns proteins and
fluids to the blood, carries lipids
respiratory components - CORRECT ANSWER- lungs, trachea,
bronchial tubes, pharynx, and larynx
respiratory functions - CORRECT ANSWER- transfers oxygen from
inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air
digestive components - CORRECT ANSWER- mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, anus
digestive functions - CORRECT ANSWER- achieves physical and
chemical breakdown of food, absorbs nutrients
urinary components - CORRECT ANSWER- kidneys, ureters,
bladder, urethra
,urinary functions - CORRECT ANSWER- produces, stores, and
eliminates urine
reproductive components - CORRECT ANSWER- gonads, uterine
tubes, mammary glands, etc.
reproductive functions - CORRECT ANSWER- gonads produce
gametes to help form a new organism, mammary glands produce milk,
etc.
life processes in humans - CORRECT ANSWER- metabolism,
responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction
homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER- a condition of equilibrium, or
balance, in the body's internal environment
fluid in homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER- extracellular fluid
components of a feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER- stimulus,
receptor, control center, effector, response
negative feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER- a feedback loop that
causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is
moving (example: change in blood pressure)
positive feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER- a feedback loop in
which change in a system is amplified (example: pregnancy)
tissue - CORRECT ANSWER- a group of cells that usually have a
common embryonic origin in an embryo and function together to carry
out specialized activities
4 basic types of tissue - CORRECT ANSWER- epithelial, connective,
muscle, nervous
cell junctions - CORRECT ANSWER- cells that are held together in a
variety of ways; point of contact between cells
, tight junctions - CORRECT ANSWER- adjacent plasma membranes
with intercellular space between; stands of transmembrane proteins on
the sides
adherens junctions - CORRECT ANSWER- adjacent plasma
membranes with microfilament (actin) along the middle with plaque in
between
desmosomes - CORRECT ANSWER- adjacent plasma membranes
with plaque in the middle and keratin on the sides (crazy looking)
hemidesmosomes - CORRECT ANSWER- attach epithelial cells to
the basement membrane with keratin on the top
gap junctions - CORRECT ANSWER- adjacent plasma membranes
with connexons and gaps between
epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER- cells arranged in sheets and
are densely packed, many cell junctions present, attaches to basement
membrane, avascular with nerve supply, mitosis occurs frequently
epithelial cell diagram - CORRECT ANSWER-
classifications of epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER- simple,
pseudostratified, stratified, squamous, cuboidal, columnar
gland - CORRECT ANSWER- a single cell or a mass of epithelial
cells adapted for secretion
endocrine and exocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER- glandular
epithelium can have these two gland types
endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER- glands that enter
interstitial fluid and then diffuse the bloodstream without flowing through
the duct; found in the pituitary gland, pineal gland, etc.; regulate
metabolic and physiological activities
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
11 systems of the human body - CORRECT ANSWER-
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular,
lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive
anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER- study of structure
physiology - CORRECT ANSWER- study of how body parts function
level of structural organization - CORRECT ANSWER- chemical,
cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
integumentary components - CORRECT ANSWER- skin, hair, nails
integumentary functions - CORRECT ANSWER- protection, body
temperature regulation, insulation
skeletal components - CORRECT ANSWER- bones, joints, cartilage
skeletal functions - CORRECT ANSWER- structure, support, body
movements
muscular components - CORRECT ANSWER- skeletal muscle
tissue
muscular functions - CORRECT ANSWER- movements, produces
heat, maintains posture
,nervous components - CORRECT ANSWER- brain, spinal cord,
nerves, sensory organs (eyes and ears)
nervous functions - CORRECT ANSWER- action potentials,
regulates body activities, detects changes in internal and external
endocrine components - CORRECT ANSWER- hormone producing
glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituary gland, ovaries, etc.)
endocrine functions - CORRECT ANSWER- releasing hormones
(chemical messengers)
cardiovascular components - CORRECT ANSWER- blood, heart,
blood vessels
cardiovascular functions - CORRECT ANSWER- pumping blood,
helps regulate temperature and water content of body fluids
lymphatic components - CORRECT ANSWER- lymphatic fluid,
vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils
lymphatic functions - CORRECT ANSWER- returns proteins and
fluids to the blood, carries lipids
respiratory components - CORRECT ANSWER- lungs, trachea,
bronchial tubes, pharynx, and larynx
respiratory functions - CORRECT ANSWER- transfers oxygen from
inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air
digestive components - CORRECT ANSWER- mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, anus
digestive functions - CORRECT ANSWER- achieves physical and
chemical breakdown of food, absorbs nutrients
urinary components - CORRECT ANSWER- kidneys, ureters,
bladder, urethra
,urinary functions - CORRECT ANSWER- produces, stores, and
eliminates urine
reproductive components - CORRECT ANSWER- gonads, uterine
tubes, mammary glands, etc.
reproductive functions - CORRECT ANSWER- gonads produce
gametes to help form a new organism, mammary glands produce milk,
etc.
life processes in humans - CORRECT ANSWER- metabolism,
responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction
homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER- a condition of equilibrium, or
balance, in the body's internal environment
fluid in homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER- extracellular fluid
components of a feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER- stimulus,
receptor, control center, effector, response
negative feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER- a feedback loop that
causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is
moving (example: change in blood pressure)
positive feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER- a feedback loop in
which change in a system is amplified (example: pregnancy)
tissue - CORRECT ANSWER- a group of cells that usually have a
common embryonic origin in an embryo and function together to carry
out specialized activities
4 basic types of tissue - CORRECT ANSWER- epithelial, connective,
muscle, nervous
cell junctions - CORRECT ANSWER- cells that are held together in a
variety of ways; point of contact between cells
, tight junctions - CORRECT ANSWER- adjacent plasma membranes
with intercellular space between; stands of transmembrane proteins on
the sides
adherens junctions - CORRECT ANSWER- adjacent plasma
membranes with microfilament (actin) along the middle with plaque in
between
desmosomes - CORRECT ANSWER- adjacent plasma membranes
with plaque in the middle and keratin on the sides (crazy looking)
hemidesmosomes - CORRECT ANSWER- attach epithelial cells to
the basement membrane with keratin on the top
gap junctions - CORRECT ANSWER- adjacent plasma membranes
with connexons and gaps between
epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER- cells arranged in sheets and
are densely packed, many cell junctions present, attaches to basement
membrane, avascular with nerve supply, mitosis occurs frequently
epithelial cell diagram - CORRECT ANSWER-
classifications of epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER- simple,
pseudostratified, stratified, squamous, cuboidal, columnar
gland - CORRECT ANSWER- a single cell or a mass of epithelial
cells adapted for secretion
endocrine and exocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER- glandular
epithelium can have these two gland types
endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER- glands that enter
interstitial fluid and then diffuse the bloodstream without flowing through
the duct; found in the pituitary gland, pineal gland, etc.; regulate
metabolic and physiological activities
