GEOL 404 Geology of Petroleum: Final Exam Review Questions And Answers Guaranteed Pass

Petroleum exploration needs huge up-front capital investment and has great risk of drilling dry holes which could lead to business failure. Risk analysis in petroleum geology to reduce such risks has the following five components: - correct answers source rock, reservoir rock, structural trap, seal and timing The four levels of petroleum investigation proceed in the following order: - correct answers Sedimentary basin, petroleum system, play, prospect Plate tectonics is important in petroleum system analysis, because it helps to determine - correct answers sedimentary basin types, source property, reservoir types and structure types To know the "Period" names and times of the Pahanerozoic is very important because - correct answers the knowledge of the stratigraphic column is needed to calibrate the occurrence of the five system elements including the critical "timing" In which Period have the most oil and gas reserves been discovered so far? - correct answers Cretaceous mostly composed of granites, related igneous and metamorphic rocks, as well as sedimentary rocks - correct answers continent crust ___ is thicker than ___, ___ is denser than ____ - correct answers continent crust, oceanic crust; oceanic crust, continental crust Higher a mountain, shallower its root - correct answers FALSE Passive margins are usually formed during this stage of the wilson cycle - correct answers Sea Floor Spreading Foreland basins are usually formed during the stage of ___ in wilson cycle - correct answers Continental Collision Rock tend to be more ductile as depth increases to the lower part of the crust or the upper mantle because - correct answers both temperature and pressure increase Sandstone usually has more fractures and faults than shale because - correct answers shale is more ductile than sandstone Normal faults are produced by - correct answers tensional stress For conventional hydrocarbon exploration, oil/gas reserves are trapped in - correct answers anticlinal structures instead of synclinal ones The san andreas fault is - correct answers a right lateral fault coarse-grained sand is deposited in ____environment - correct answers high energy clay is deposited in ____ environment - correct answers low energy Limestone is formed from calcite - correct answers transported by water and precipitated organically from solution Shale is formed from clay - correct answers transported by water as mineral grains permeability is affected strongly by - correct answers porosit and grain size as well as sorting Shale can be formed in - correct answers ALL: Continental, shoreline, marine environments Limestone can be formed in - correct answers Marine environments Depositional environment in which interbedded coal is deposited - correct answers Continental Environments Conglomeratess are deposited in - correct answers Continental Environments Channel bars are formed in _____ whereas point bars in ___ - correct answers braided stream systems; meandering river systems Tidal flats are important environments in which hydrocarbon reservoirs have been discovered. Among the barrier island system, ____ are on the landward side whereas ____ are on the seaward side - correct answers foreshore and backshore; lagoon and flood tidal delta deposition of turbidites is usually found in - correct answers deltaic environment A limestone called mudstone is usually formed - correct answers down the slope coarsening upward sequence - correct answers sea level fall fining upward sequence - correct answers seal level rise the conductivity of the formation in an uninvaded zone increases - correct answers as the conductivity of the formation water, water saturation and porosity increase Gravity survey maps large-scale structures by measuring - correct answers density differences between stratas Magnetic survey maps large-scale structures by measuring - correct answers iron content differences between structures Seismic survey maps detailed structures by using - correct answers acoustic impedance Expect thick layer of mudcake in the borehole wall in the - correct answers porous sandstone structure Ideal conditions for high conductivity - correct answers high temperature and high conductivity Conductivity of an uninvaded zone increases when - correct answers formation water, water saturation, and porosity increase Conductivity in an invaded zone increases as - correct answers the mud filtrate conductivity, mud filtrate saturation, and porosity increase Sxo - correct answers Water and movable hydrocarbon Smo - correct answers Movable hydrocarbon K-TH log gives good indication of clay content while very high U-log indicates - correct answers high water content Density log measures - correct answers bulk density PE log measures - correct answers Matrix density Neutron log - correct answers porosity log Clay particles are part of - correct answers solid matrix connate water - correct answers water that can potentially move like meteoric water but is trapped by rocks the state of hydrocarbons in paraffin