MICR 2132 Cabeen Exam 4 Questions
With Complete Answers
What influences the gut microbiome? - ANSWER 1. diet
2. medication
Define dysbiosis - ANSWER microbial imbalance
Define probiotics - ANSWER living microbes ingested for health
What is the goal of a fecal transplant? - ANSWER To ingest healthy bacteria,
isolated from anothers' feces
What is the most common method used to access microbiome composition? -
ANSWER 16s rDNA sequencing
Define opportunistic pathogen - ANSWER Attach when immune system is
compromised
What are physical barriers? - ANSWER 1. skin
2. mucus
3. stomach acid
What are chemical barriers? - ANSWER 1. stomach acid
2. skin chemicals
3. lysozyme
What are innate immune functions? - ANSWER White blood cell related functions
that are always on patrol.
What does lysozyme break down? - ANSWER peptidoglycan (only bacteria)
What does peroxidase do? - ANSWER Creates reactive oxygen species
What do iron-binding proteins do? - ANSWER inhibit growth of certain bacteria
by reducing amount of available iron
Define pathogen - ANSWER An organism that causes disease
Define commensal organism - ANSWER Organisms that live on your in your body
but do not cause disease
, Describe the human microbiome - ANSWER All of the micro-organisms that live
on or in the human body
Body sites that are the most hospitable to bacteria - ANSWER 1. intestines
2. oral
3. sinuses
4. urogenital tract (more on female)
Why is skin hard to colonize? - ANSWER 1. dry
2. acidic
3. salty
What does Propionibacterium acnes cause? - ANSWER acne
What does Streptococcus mutans cause? - ANSWER tooth decay
What makes the mouth a good place to live? - ANSWER 1. moist
2. surfaces for colonization
3. food
What does Helicobacter pylori cause? - ANSWER stomach ulcers
What does the mucociliary escalator do? - ANSWER sweeps foreign particles up
and out of the lungs using cilia and mucus
What bodily area has the most resident bacteria? - ANSWER intestines
What is the wall of the immune system? - ANSWER physical and chemical
barriers
What are the police of the immune system? - ANSWER innate immune function
(white blood cells)
What are the Secret Service of the immune system? - ANSWER adaptive immune
functions
What do innate immune functions (white blood cells) sense? - ANSWER
Flagellum, LPS, peptidoglycan
What do defensins do? - ANSWER Positively charged peptides (cations) that
make holes in bacterial cell walls and membranes
What charge do bacterial membranes have? - ANSWER Negative
With Complete Answers
What influences the gut microbiome? - ANSWER 1. diet
2. medication
Define dysbiosis - ANSWER microbial imbalance
Define probiotics - ANSWER living microbes ingested for health
What is the goal of a fecal transplant? - ANSWER To ingest healthy bacteria,
isolated from anothers' feces
What is the most common method used to access microbiome composition? -
ANSWER 16s rDNA sequencing
Define opportunistic pathogen - ANSWER Attach when immune system is
compromised
What are physical barriers? - ANSWER 1. skin
2. mucus
3. stomach acid
What are chemical barriers? - ANSWER 1. stomach acid
2. skin chemicals
3. lysozyme
What are innate immune functions? - ANSWER White blood cell related functions
that are always on patrol.
What does lysozyme break down? - ANSWER peptidoglycan (only bacteria)
What does peroxidase do? - ANSWER Creates reactive oxygen species
What do iron-binding proteins do? - ANSWER inhibit growth of certain bacteria
by reducing amount of available iron
Define pathogen - ANSWER An organism that causes disease
Define commensal organism - ANSWER Organisms that live on your in your body
but do not cause disease
, Describe the human microbiome - ANSWER All of the micro-organisms that live
on or in the human body
Body sites that are the most hospitable to bacteria - ANSWER 1. intestines
2. oral
3. sinuses
4. urogenital tract (more on female)
Why is skin hard to colonize? - ANSWER 1. dry
2. acidic
3. salty
What does Propionibacterium acnes cause? - ANSWER acne
What does Streptococcus mutans cause? - ANSWER tooth decay
What makes the mouth a good place to live? - ANSWER 1. moist
2. surfaces for colonization
3. food
What does Helicobacter pylori cause? - ANSWER stomach ulcers
What does the mucociliary escalator do? - ANSWER sweeps foreign particles up
and out of the lungs using cilia and mucus
What bodily area has the most resident bacteria? - ANSWER intestines
What is the wall of the immune system? - ANSWER physical and chemical
barriers
What are the police of the immune system? - ANSWER innate immune function
(white blood cells)
What are the Secret Service of the immune system? - ANSWER adaptive immune
functions
What do innate immune functions (white blood cells) sense? - ANSWER
Flagellum, LPS, peptidoglycan
What do defensins do? - ANSWER Positively charged peptides (cations) that
make holes in bacterial cell walls and membranes
What charge do bacterial membranes have? - ANSWER Negative
