Test Bank For
Gene Control 3rd Edition David S. Latchman, Venugopalan Cheriyath
Chapters 1-15
Chapter 1
1. The predominant mechanism for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes operates at
which of the following levels?
a. Post-translational
b. Translational
c. Post-transcriptional
d. Transcriptional
2. Which of the following statements is correct about nuclear run-on assay?
a. Nuclear run-on assay was developed as a method for establishing that the
transcription initiation rate contributes to the regulated expression of mammalian
genes.
b. Nuclear run-on assay provides a measure of the frequency of translation initiation
c. Nuclear run-on assay is largely dependent of the effects of RNA stability
d. Nuclear run-on assay does not involve the pausing of polymerases
3. In the fruit fly, giant polytene chromosomes are most likely found where?
a. The salivary gland of the adult
b. The egg
c. The prothoracic gland
d. The salivary gland of larvae
4. Which of the following are processed from double stranded RNA?
a. piRNA
b. siRNA
c. miRNA
d. URNA
5. Which of the following about regulatory RNAs is correct?
a. They are found only in eukaryotic organisms
b. They are generally very large molecules
c. They can both promote and suppress gene expression
d. They are involved only in post-translational modifications
,6. Which of the following is involved in the degradation of mRNA?
a. miRNA
b. siRNA
c. rRNA
d. lncRNA
7. Regarding miRNAs, which of the following statements is correct?
a. They are transcribed from protein coding genes
b. They bind to DNA sequences to regulate gene expression
c. They mainly function in the initiation of translation
d. They can regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA for degradation or
inhibiting translation
8. Which if the following is not a characteristic of the Dicer enzyme?
a. It recognizes and binds to double stranded RNA molecules
b. It cleaves double-stranded RNA into smaller fragments
c. It removes introns from pre-messenger RNA
d. It plays a role in gene silencing
9. Regarding lncRNAs, which of the following is correct?
a. They are less than 100 nucleotides in length
b. They are transcribed only from protein-coding genes
c. They do not participate in gene regulation or cellular processes
d. They can function through diverse mechanisms, such as chromatin modification
and RNA-protein interactions
10. HDAC1 mainly functions in which of the following processes?
a. DNA replication
b. Transcriptional activation
c. Histone acetylation
d. Histone deacetylation
,Chapter 2
1. The Lac promoter sequence, a pivotal element in lac operon regulation, plays a critical
role in the inducible expression of genes involved in lactose metabolism in Escherichia
coli. Which of the following best describes this sequence?
a. The binding of cAMP-CRP (cAMP-bound catabolite activator protein) to a
specific site within the Lac promoter sequence facilitates the recruitment and
stabilization of RNA polymerase, resulting in increased transcription of lactose-
metabolizing genes.
b. The Lac promoter consists of two adjacent operator sites, O1 and O2, where the
Lac repressor binds, preventing RNA polymerase from accessing the promoter
region and inhibiting gene expression in the absence of lactose.
c. Upon binding of the Lac repressor to the Lac promoter, an allosteric
conformational change occurs, enhancing the affinity of the repressor for lactose,
leading to derepression and subsequent induction of the lac operon.
d. When lactose is present, it binds to the Lac repressor, causing its release from the
Lac promoter. Subsequently, the Lac repressor undergoes ubiquitination and
proteasomal degradation, allowing RNA polymerase to access the promoter and
initiate transcription of the lactose-utilizing genes.
2. Which of the following statements about bacterial RNA polymerase is false?
a. Bacterial RNA polymerase consists of a single subunit, ensuring high processivity
during transcription, and it requires the assistance of various transcription factors
for promoter recognition and initiation.
b. The RNA polymerase holoenzyme in bacteria is composed of core enzyme
subunits, α2ββ'ω, which can efficiently recognize and bind to promoter sequences
without the need for additional factors.
c. The σ factor is an integral part of the RNA polymerase core enzyme, responsible
for promoter recognition and promoter clearance during transcription initiation.
d. During elongation, bacterial RNA polymerase incorporates ribonucleotides with
high fidelity, ensuring accurate base pairing with the DNA template and
minimizing transcription errors.
3. Which of the following statements does NOT pertain to bacterial transcription?
a. RNA polymerase incorporates the first nucleotide without using a primer
sequence
b. The stages of transcription involve initiation and termination only
c. Transcription begins when the promoter element is bound by the DNA dependent
RNA polymerases
d. RNA polymerase synthesizes the nucleic acid in the 5’—> 3’ direction using a
DNA strand as template
, 4. Which of the following is accurate about the structure of bacterial RNA polymerase?
a. The ω subunit is vital for the stabilization and assembly of the entire RNA
polymerase holoenzyme, ensuring efficient transcription initiation and
processivity.
b. The σ (sigma) factor is an integral component of the core RNA polymerase,
actively involved in promoter recognition and promoter clearance during
transcription initiation.
c. The δ subunit plays a central role in transcription elongation, assisting in the
unwinding of DNA at the transcription bubble and facilitating the movement of
RNA polymerase along the template strand.
d. The β and β' subunits in bacterial RNA polymerase contain the catalytic site
responsible for the synthesis of RNA during transcription, while the α subunit
facilitates DNA template binding and promoter recognition.
5. Complete the sentence: σ factors in bacteria……
a. Are a group of homologous proteins that have identical functions, recognizing the
same promoter sequences and initiating transcription with the same efficiency.
b. Stabilize the RNA polymerase holoenzyme and enhance its processivity during
transcription elongation, leading to efficient synthesis of RNA.
c. Confer promoter specificity, allowing RNA polymerase to recognize distinct sets
of genes in response to various environmental cues and physiological conditions.
d. Are constitutively expressed, and their activity remains constant throughout the
cell's life cycle, independent of external stimuli or environmental changes.
6. Considering transcription initiation in bacteria, which of the following best describes the
process of promoter recognition and RNA polymerase binding?
a. The -10 and -35 regions in the promoter element of bacterial DNA contain the
consensus sequences TTGACA and TATAAT, respectively, which are recognized
by the σ (sigma) factor, allowing RNA polymerase to bind and initiate
transcription.
b. Bacterial RNA polymerase binds directly to the promoter region without the
involvement of any additional factors, regardless of the specific nucleotide
sequence present in the promoter.
c. The formation of the closed promoter complex occurs when RNA polymerase,
with the help of the σ factor, binds to the -10 and -35 regions of the promoter,
unwinding the DNA to expose the transcription bubble and initiate RNA
synthesis.
Gene Control 3rd Edition David S. Latchman, Venugopalan Cheriyath
Chapters 1-15
Chapter 1
1. The predominant mechanism for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes operates at
which of the following levels?
a. Post-translational
b. Translational
c. Post-transcriptional
d. Transcriptional
2. Which of the following statements is correct about nuclear run-on assay?
a. Nuclear run-on assay was developed as a method for establishing that the
transcription initiation rate contributes to the regulated expression of mammalian
genes.
b. Nuclear run-on assay provides a measure of the frequency of translation initiation
c. Nuclear run-on assay is largely dependent of the effects of RNA stability
d. Nuclear run-on assay does not involve the pausing of polymerases
3. In the fruit fly, giant polytene chromosomes are most likely found where?
a. The salivary gland of the adult
b. The egg
c. The prothoracic gland
d. The salivary gland of larvae
4. Which of the following are processed from double stranded RNA?
a. piRNA
b. siRNA
c. miRNA
d. URNA
5. Which of the following about regulatory RNAs is correct?
a. They are found only in eukaryotic organisms
b. They are generally very large molecules
c. They can both promote and suppress gene expression
d. They are involved only in post-translational modifications
,6. Which of the following is involved in the degradation of mRNA?
a. miRNA
b. siRNA
c. rRNA
d. lncRNA
7. Regarding miRNAs, which of the following statements is correct?
a. They are transcribed from protein coding genes
b. They bind to DNA sequences to regulate gene expression
c. They mainly function in the initiation of translation
d. They can regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA for degradation or
inhibiting translation
8. Which if the following is not a characteristic of the Dicer enzyme?
a. It recognizes and binds to double stranded RNA molecules
b. It cleaves double-stranded RNA into smaller fragments
c. It removes introns from pre-messenger RNA
d. It plays a role in gene silencing
9. Regarding lncRNAs, which of the following is correct?
a. They are less than 100 nucleotides in length
b. They are transcribed only from protein-coding genes
c. They do not participate in gene regulation or cellular processes
d. They can function through diverse mechanisms, such as chromatin modification
and RNA-protein interactions
10. HDAC1 mainly functions in which of the following processes?
a. DNA replication
b. Transcriptional activation
c. Histone acetylation
d. Histone deacetylation
,Chapter 2
1. The Lac promoter sequence, a pivotal element in lac operon regulation, plays a critical
role in the inducible expression of genes involved in lactose metabolism in Escherichia
coli. Which of the following best describes this sequence?
a. The binding of cAMP-CRP (cAMP-bound catabolite activator protein) to a
specific site within the Lac promoter sequence facilitates the recruitment and
stabilization of RNA polymerase, resulting in increased transcription of lactose-
metabolizing genes.
b. The Lac promoter consists of two adjacent operator sites, O1 and O2, where the
Lac repressor binds, preventing RNA polymerase from accessing the promoter
region and inhibiting gene expression in the absence of lactose.
c. Upon binding of the Lac repressor to the Lac promoter, an allosteric
conformational change occurs, enhancing the affinity of the repressor for lactose,
leading to derepression and subsequent induction of the lac operon.
d. When lactose is present, it binds to the Lac repressor, causing its release from the
Lac promoter. Subsequently, the Lac repressor undergoes ubiquitination and
proteasomal degradation, allowing RNA polymerase to access the promoter and
initiate transcription of the lactose-utilizing genes.
2. Which of the following statements about bacterial RNA polymerase is false?
a. Bacterial RNA polymerase consists of a single subunit, ensuring high processivity
during transcription, and it requires the assistance of various transcription factors
for promoter recognition and initiation.
b. The RNA polymerase holoenzyme in bacteria is composed of core enzyme
subunits, α2ββ'ω, which can efficiently recognize and bind to promoter sequences
without the need for additional factors.
c. The σ factor is an integral part of the RNA polymerase core enzyme, responsible
for promoter recognition and promoter clearance during transcription initiation.
d. During elongation, bacterial RNA polymerase incorporates ribonucleotides with
high fidelity, ensuring accurate base pairing with the DNA template and
minimizing transcription errors.
3. Which of the following statements does NOT pertain to bacterial transcription?
a. RNA polymerase incorporates the first nucleotide without using a primer
sequence
b. The stages of transcription involve initiation and termination only
c. Transcription begins when the promoter element is bound by the DNA dependent
RNA polymerases
d. RNA polymerase synthesizes the nucleic acid in the 5’—> 3’ direction using a
DNA strand as template
, 4. Which of the following is accurate about the structure of bacterial RNA polymerase?
a. The ω subunit is vital for the stabilization and assembly of the entire RNA
polymerase holoenzyme, ensuring efficient transcription initiation and
processivity.
b. The σ (sigma) factor is an integral component of the core RNA polymerase,
actively involved in promoter recognition and promoter clearance during
transcription initiation.
c. The δ subunit plays a central role in transcription elongation, assisting in the
unwinding of DNA at the transcription bubble and facilitating the movement of
RNA polymerase along the template strand.
d. The β and β' subunits in bacterial RNA polymerase contain the catalytic site
responsible for the synthesis of RNA during transcription, while the α subunit
facilitates DNA template binding and promoter recognition.
5. Complete the sentence: σ factors in bacteria……
a. Are a group of homologous proteins that have identical functions, recognizing the
same promoter sequences and initiating transcription with the same efficiency.
b. Stabilize the RNA polymerase holoenzyme and enhance its processivity during
transcription elongation, leading to efficient synthesis of RNA.
c. Confer promoter specificity, allowing RNA polymerase to recognize distinct sets
of genes in response to various environmental cues and physiological conditions.
d. Are constitutively expressed, and their activity remains constant throughout the
cell's life cycle, independent of external stimuli or environmental changes.
6. Considering transcription initiation in bacteria, which of the following best describes the
process of promoter recognition and RNA polymerase binding?
a. The -10 and -35 regions in the promoter element of bacterial DNA contain the
consensus sequences TTGACA and TATAAT, respectively, which are recognized
by the σ (sigma) factor, allowing RNA polymerase to bind and initiate
transcription.
b. Bacterial RNA polymerase binds directly to the promoter region without the
involvement of any additional factors, regardless of the specific nucleotide
sequence present in the promoter.
c. The formation of the closed promoter complex occurs when RNA polymerase,
with the help of the σ factor, binds to the -10 and -35 regions of the promoter,
unwinding the DNA to expose the transcription bubble and initiate RNA
synthesis.
