NURS 316 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027| COMPLETE QUESTIONS |
VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED A + | PASS
GUARANTEED | RECENT UPDATE
Recognizing Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) -
ANSWER Identified by fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, and leukocytosis.
Physical examination in ARDS - ANSWER Involves assessing respiratory
effort, auscultation of lung sounds, and checking for cyanosis.
Arterial blood gas analysis in ARDS - ANSWER Used to assess oxygenation
and ventilation status in patients with ARDS.
Complications of ARDS - ANSWER May include barotrauma, pneumonia, and
prolonged mechanical ventilation.
Expected Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) - ANSWER A measure of kidney
function indicating how well the kidneys filter blood.
Hormonal influence on renal function - ANSWER The Renin-Angiotensin-
Aldosterone System (RAAS) regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.
,Assessing fluid volume excess - ANSWER Includes evaluating symptoms such
as edema, hypertension, and pulmonary congestion.
Fixed urine osmolarity - ANSWER Indicates a lack of kidney response to
changes in hydration status, often seen in renal failure.
Implications of elevated creatinine - ANSWER Suggests impaired kidney
function and may indicate acute or chronic kidney injury.
Assessing fluid balance - ANSWER Involves monitoring intake and output,
weight changes, and laboratory values.
Intermittent hemodialysis - ANSWER A procedure to remove waste products
and excess fluid from the blood using a dialysis machine.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) - ANSWER A dialysis
method used for critically ill patients that provides continuous, slower filtration of
blood.
Peritoneal dialysis - ANSWER A dialysis method that uses the lining of the
abdomen to filter blood.
Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - ANSWER Based on criteria such as
increased serum creatinine and decreased urine output.
,Urine output terms - ANSWER Includes oliguria (low urine output), anuria (no
urine output), and polyuria (excessive urine output).
Causes of AKI - ANSWER Can be classified as prerenal (due to decreased
blood flow), intrarenal (due to kidney damage), and postrenal (due to obstruction).
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - ANSWER A progressive loss of kidney
function over time, often due to diabetes or hypertension.
Management of renal failure - ANSWER Includes controlling blood pressure,
managing diabetes, and considering dialysis.
Indications for dialysis - ANSWER Include severe electrolyte imbalances, fluid
overload, and symptomatic uremia.
Parasympathetic influences on digestion - ANSWER Stimulate digestive
processes, promoting salivation, gastric motility, and secretion.
Sympathetic influences on digestion - ANSWER Inhibit digestive processes,
diverting blood flow away from the gastrointestinal tract during stress.
Major functions of the GI system - ANSWER Include digestion, absorption of
nutrients, and elimination of waste.
Importance of nutritional assessment - ANSWER To identify deficiencies,
guide dietary interventions, and monitor patient progress.
, Lab tests for cirrhosis/hepatitis vs. cholecystitis - ANSWER Include liver
function tests, imaging studies, and specific biomarkers.
Lab tests for pancreatitis - ANSWER Include serum amylase and lipase levels
to differentiate between acute and chronic conditions.
Symptoms of nutritional deficits - ANSWER May include fatigue, weakness,
weight loss, and specific deficiencies like anemia or vitamin deficiencies.
Complications of malnutrition - ANSWER Include immune dysfunction,
delayed wound healing, and increased morbidity.
Nutritional support methods - ANSWER Include oral, enteral, and parenteral
nutrition, each with specific indications and contraindications.
Nurse's role in nutritional support - ANSWER Includes assessing nutritional
needs, administering nutrition, and monitoring patient response.
Upper GI bleed management - ANSWER Involves stabilizing the patient,
identifying the source, and providing appropriate interventions.
Uterine Atony - ANSWER Failure of the myometrium to contract, leading to
bleeding.
2026/2027| COMPLETE QUESTIONS |
VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED A + | PASS
GUARANTEED | RECENT UPDATE
Recognizing Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) -
ANSWER Identified by fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, and leukocytosis.
Physical examination in ARDS - ANSWER Involves assessing respiratory
effort, auscultation of lung sounds, and checking for cyanosis.
Arterial blood gas analysis in ARDS - ANSWER Used to assess oxygenation
and ventilation status in patients with ARDS.
Complications of ARDS - ANSWER May include barotrauma, pneumonia, and
prolonged mechanical ventilation.
Expected Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) - ANSWER A measure of kidney
function indicating how well the kidneys filter blood.
Hormonal influence on renal function - ANSWER The Renin-Angiotensin-
Aldosterone System (RAAS) regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.
,Assessing fluid volume excess - ANSWER Includes evaluating symptoms such
as edema, hypertension, and pulmonary congestion.
Fixed urine osmolarity - ANSWER Indicates a lack of kidney response to
changes in hydration status, often seen in renal failure.
Implications of elevated creatinine - ANSWER Suggests impaired kidney
function and may indicate acute or chronic kidney injury.
Assessing fluid balance - ANSWER Involves monitoring intake and output,
weight changes, and laboratory values.
Intermittent hemodialysis - ANSWER A procedure to remove waste products
and excess fluid from the blood using a dialysis machine.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) - ANSWER A dialysis
method used for critically ill patients that provides continuous, slower filtration of
blood.
Peritoneal dialysis - ANSWER A dialysis method that uses the lining of the
abdomen to filter blood.
Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - ANSWER Based on criteria such as
increased serum creatinine and decreased urine output.
,Urine output terms - ANSWER Includes oliguria (low urine output), anuria (no
urine output), and polyuria (excessive urine output).
Causes of AKI - ANSWER Can be classified as prerenal (due to decreased
blood flow), intrarenal (due to kidney damage), and postrenal (due to obstruction).
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - ANSWER A progressive loss of kidney
function over time, often due to diabetes or hypertension.
Management of renal failure - ANSWER Includes controlling blood pressure,
managing diabetes, and considering dialysis.
Indications for dialysis - ANSWER Include severe electrolyte imbalances, fluid
overload, and symptomatic uremia.
Parasympathetic influences on digestion - ANSWER Stimulate digestive
processes, promoting salivation, gastric motility, and secretion.
Sympathetic influences on digestion - ANSWER Inhibit digestive processes,
diverting blood flow away from the gastrointestinal tract during stress.
Major functions of the GI system - ANSWER Include digestion, absorption of
nutrients, and elimination of waste.
Importance of nutritional assessment - ANSWER To identify deficiencies,
guide dietary interventions, and monitor patient progress.
, Lab tests for cirrhosis/hepatitis vs. cholecystitis - ANSWER Include liver
function tests, imaging studies, and specific biomarkers.
Lab tests for pancreatitis - ANSWER Include serum amylase and lipase levels
to differentiate between acute and chronic conditions.
Symptoms of nutritional deficits - ANSWER May include fatigue, weakness,
weight loss, and specific deficiencies like anemia or vitamin deficiencies.
Complications of malnutrition - ANSWER Include immune dysfunction,
delayed wound healing, and increased morbidity.
Nutritional support methods - ANSWER Include oral, enteral, and parenteral
nutrition, each with specific indications and contraindications.
Nurse's role in nutritional support - ANSWER Includes assessing nutritional
needs, administering nutrition, and monitoring patient response.
Upper GI bleed management - ANSWER Involves stabilizing the patient,
identifying the source, and providing appropriate interventions.
Uterine Atony - ANSWER Failure of the myometrium to contract, leading to
bleeding.
