A 6-year old West Highland White Terrier comes in to see you for mucopurulent
ocular discharge. A Schirmer tear test shows no tear production. What is the treatment
of choice for chronic canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
A - Systemic antibiotics and corticosteroids
B - Topical cyclosporine and systemic corticosteroids
C - Topical cyclosporine and a topical steroid
D - Systemic cyclosporine and antibiotics
Give this one a try later!
C - Topical cyclosporine and a topical steroid
The treatment of KCS is aimed at reducing immune destruction of the
lacrimal glands. Topical cyclosporine (Optimmune) and a topical steroid
(frequently in a triple antibiotic/steroid ointment) are the treatment of
choice. You should be cautious using steroids in acute cases due to the risk
of corneal ulceration.
,An eight-month-old male intact German Shepherd dog is presented for poor weight
gain, chronic diarrhea, and polyphagia.
Fasting serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) measurement is <2.0 ug/L (normal =
5.7-45.2 ug/L).
What is the most likely cause of this dog's clinical signs?
A - inflammatory bowel disease
B - small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
C - Acute pancreatitis
D - pituitary dwarfism
E - acinar cell atrophy
Give this one a try later!
E - acinar cell atrophy
This dog has exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) due to pancreatic
acinar atrophy (PAA). PAA is the most common cause of EPI in German
shepherd dogs and is considered hereditary. It is also seen in rough-coated
collies and Eurasians.
In cats and older dogs, EPI is most commonly caused by chronic
pancreatitis.
Serum TLI is the best test for EPI in dogs and cats. A significantly low (< 2.5
ug/L) fasting TLI is diagnostic for EPI.
In EPI there is impaired synthesis and release of digestive enzymes by
pancreatic acinar cells, resulting in maldigestion, weight loss/failure to gain
weight, diarrhea, and polyphagia. Concurrent small intestinal dysbiosis and
cobalamin deficiency are common.
Treat with oral enzyme replacement nd cobalamin supplement if deficient.
Patients with EPI require life-long enzyme replacement. Prognosis is good
with appropriate treatment.
A 1-year old female spayed Doberman Pinscher has presented after being hit by a car.
Initial chest radiographs show mild contusions, and the patient appears to be
otherwise stable. A right mid-shaft long oblique femoral fracture has been identified.
Routine pre-operative blood work is unremarkable. A buccal mucosal bleeding test
,(BMBT) is elevated at 6 minutes. What will you administer prior to surgery?
A - 1,25 dihydrocholecalciferol
B - Whole blood transfusion
C - Vitamin K
D - Desmopressin acetate
Give this one a try later!
D - Desmopressin acetate
The correct answer is desmopressin acetate (DDAVP). Administration of
desmopressin results in release of von Willebrand factor, which will help
this patient with clotting. Given this dog's breed and elevated BMBT there is
a very strong likelihood she is afflicted with von Willebrand's disease. In
Dobermans this results in an inability to form a clot. This can be life
threatening if the dog is taken to surgery.
A whole blood transfusion does not provide an adequate source of von
Willebrand factor but may be necessary if the patient's bleeding cannot be
controlled despite appropriate pre-operative measures. 1,25
dihydrocholecalciferol is the active form of vitamin D which aids intestinal
resorption of calcium. The BMBT does not assess factors 2, 7, 9, or 10 and
therefore vitamin K is not indicated.
Which canine parasite can cause cutaneous larva migrans in people?
A - Ancylostoma spp.
B - Trichostrongylus spp.
C - Habronema spp.
D - Spirocerca sp.
E - Trichuris spp.
Give this one a try later!
, A - Ancylostoma spp.
Hookworms (Ancylostoma spp) may cause cutaneous larva migrans in
people.
Note that roundworms (Toxocara spp, Toxasacaris spp, Baylisascaris spp)
are also zoonotic, causing visceral and ocular larva migrans in people.
In dogs, whipworms, Trichuris spp are associated with a
hypoadrenocorticism-like syndrome (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia,
azotemia, metabolic acidosis).
Whipworm infection has been suggested as one cause of cecocolic
intussusception.
Habronema spp in horses can cause tumorlike stomach nodules and
sometimes cutaneous lesions.
Trichostrongylus spp cause parasitic gastritis and enteritis in sheep, goats,
and cattle.
Which type of placentation is present in swine?
A - Zonary
B - Diffuse
C - Cotyledonary
D - Discoid
Give this one a try later!
B - Diffuse
Swine placenta is classified as diffuse, meaning that the chorionic villi are
distributed over the entire surface of the chorion. Other domestic species
have more focal points of placentation, such as ruminants (cotyledonary),
canines and felines (zonary), and primates (discoid).
A 4-year old male neutered Pit Bull mix comes in to your clinic because his owner
thinks he might have gotten into rodenticide while she was out of the house 2 hours
ocular discharge. A Schirmer tear test shows no tear production. What is the treatment
of choice for chronic canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
A - Systemic antibiotics and corticosteroids
B - Topical cyclosporine and systemic corticosteroids
C - Topical cyclosporine and a topical steroid
D - Systemic cyclosporine and antibiotics
Give this one a try later!
C - Topical cyclosporine and a topical steroid
The treatment of KCS is aimed at reducing immune destruction of the
lacrimal glands. Topical cyclosporine (Optimmune) and a topical steroid
(frequently in a triple antibiotic/steroid ointment) are the treatment of
choice. You should be cautious using steroids in acute cases due to the risk
of corneal ulceration.
,An eight-month-old male intact German Shepherd dog is presented for poor weight
gain, chronic diarrhea, and polyphagia.
Fasting serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) measurement is <2.0 ug/L (normal =
5.7-45.2 ug/L).
What is the most likely cause of this dog's clinical signs?
A - inflammatory bowel disease
B - small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
C - Acute pancreatitis
D - pituitary dwarfism
E - acinar cell atrophy
Give this one a try later!
E - acinar cell atrophy
This dog has exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) due to pancreatic
acinar atrophy (PAA). PAA is the most common cause of EPI in German
shepherd dogs and is considered hereditary. It is also seen in rough-coated
collies and Eurasians.
In cats and older dogs, EPI is most commonly caused by chronic
pancreatitis.
Serum TLI is the best test for EPI in dogs and cats. A significantly low (< 2.5
ug/L) fasting TLI is diagnostic for EPI.
In EPI there is impaired synthesis and release of digestive enzymes by
pancreatic acinar cells, resulting in maldigestion, weight loss/failure to gain
weight, diarrhea, and polyphagia. Concurrent small intestinal dysbiosis and
cobalamin deficiency are common.
Treat with oral enzyme replacement nd cobalamin supplement if deficient.
Patients with EPI require life-long enzyme replacement. Prognosis is good
with appropriate treatment.
A 1-year old female spayed Doberman Pinscher has presented after being hit by a car.
Initial chest radiographs show mild contusions, and the patient appears to be
otherwise stable. A right mid-shaft long oblique femoral fracture has been identified.
Routine pre-operative blood work is unremarkable. A buccal mucosal bleeding test
,(BMBT) is elevated at 6 minutes. What will you administer prior to surgery?
A - 1,25 dihydrocholecalciferol
B - Whole blood transfusion
C - Vitamin K
D - Desmopressin acetate
Give this one a try later!
D - Desmopressin acetate
The correct answer is desmopressin acetate (DDAVP). Administration of
desmopressin results in release of von Willebrand factor, which will help
this patient with clotting. Given this dog's breed and elevated BMBT there is
a very strong likelihood she is afflicted with von Willebrand's disease. In
Dobermans this results in an inability to form a clot. This can be life
threatening if the dog is taken to surgery.
A whole blood transfusion does not provide an adequate source of von
Willebrand factor but may be necessary if the patient's bleeding cannot be
controlled despite appropriate pre-operative measures. 1,25
dihydrocholecalciferol is the active form of vitamin D which aids intestinal
resorption of calcium. The BMBT does not assess factors 2, 7, 9, or 10 and
therefore vitamin K is not indicated.
Which canine parasite can cause cutaneous larva migrans in people?
A - Ancylostoma spp.
B - Trichostrongylus spp.
C - Habronema spp.
D - Spirocerca sp.
E - Trichuris spp.
Give this one a try later!
, A - Ancylostoma spp.
Hookworms (Ancylostoma spp) may cause cutaneous larva migrans in
people.
Note that roundworms (Toxocara spp, Toxasacaris spp, Baylisascaris spp)
are also zoonotic, causing visceral and ocular larva migrans in people.
In dogs, whipworms, Trichuris spp are associated with a
hypoadrenocorticism-like syndrome (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia,
azotemia, metabolic acidosis).
Whipworm infection has been suggested as one cause of cecocolic
intussusception.
Habronema spp in horses can cause tumorlike stomach nodules and
sometimes cutaneous lesions.
Trichostrongylus spp cause parasitic gastritis and enteritis in sheep, goats,
and cattle.
Which type of placentation is present in swine?
A - Zonary
B - Diffuse
C - Cotyledonary
D - Discoid
Give this one a try later!
B - Diffuse
Swine placenta is classified as diffuse, meaning that the chorionic villi are
distributed over the entire surface of the chorion. Other domestic species
have more focal points of placentation, such as ruminants (cotyledonary),
canines and felines (zonary), and primates (discoid).
A 4-year old male neutered Pit Bull mix comes in to your clinic because his owner
thinks he might have gotten into rodenticide while she was out of the house 2 hours
