A 1.5-year-old male castrated Boxer presents for exercise intolerance and syncopal
episodes. Cardiac auscultation reveals a grade 4/6 left systolic murmur heard best at
the base of the heart. Thoracic radiographs show a mildly nelarged left ventricle and
left atrium, and segmental enlargement of the ascending aorta. What test will best
help you to confirm your tentative diagnosis?
a. 24 hour Holter ECG monitor
b. CT scan
c. Echocardiogram
d. Coomb's test
e. Heartworm antigen test
Give this one a try later!
, c. Echocardiogram
The breed, clinical history of syncope, radiographic findings, and
auscultation findings are most consistent with aortic stenosis.
Echocardiography would be the best method for diagnosing the disease in
which you would find left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, stenosis of
the aortic outflow tract, and post-stenotic dilatation of the ascending aorta.
A Holter monitor is the test of choice for arrhythmogenic right ventricular
cardiomyopathy (ARVC) which is also seen in Boxer and syncope but does
not fit with the physical exam or radiographic findings. Also called Boxer
cardiomyopathy, ARVC is a disease associated with fibrofatty infiltrate into
the right ventricle resulting in electrical conduction disturbances and
resultant VPCs.
A CT scan would not add more information, and cardiac motion typically
causes resolution problems on thoracic CT scans. The signs are not
consistent with heartworm, which is primarily a right heart problem, or with
hemolytic anemia, which a Cooms' test might be useful for.
A 2-year-old female spayed German Shepherd is presented with
recurrent left thoracic limb lameness that is aggravated by exercise.
Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Panosteitis
b. Osteochondrosis
c. Osteosarcoma
Hypertrophic osteodystrophy
e. Hypertrophic osteopathy
Give this one a try later!
, b. Osteochondrosis
Osteochonrdosis of the caudal humeral head is the cause of the
intermittent lameness.
Radiographic interpretation:
-Left shoulder: on the lateral radiograph, there is flattening of the caudal
aspect of the humeral head with a linear mineral density that is separated
from the joint surface. There is mild scelrosis of the cudal humeral head.
Osteophytes are present on the caudal glenoid as well as in the inter-
turbucular groove. On the ventrodorsal projections, osteophytes are
additionally visible on the medial and lateral aspects of the glenoid
-Right shoulder: On the lateral raiograph, the caudal humeral head is
flattened and irregular with mild sclerosis of the subchondral bone. There
are smallosteophytes present on the caudal and distal glenoid as well as
the inter-turbecular grooves
This dog had bilateral shoulder osteochondrosis (Radiographs of right
shoulder not shown).
Hypertrophic osteodystrophy is a metaphyseal disorder of the long bones
in large and giant breeds of dogs. Radiographic signs are radiolucent lines
parallel to the epiphyseal growth plates, and periosteal proliferation at the
metaphysis
You perform an abdominal ultrasound to evaluate a Yorkshire Terrier with a suspected
liver shunt. After finding the shunt vessel, you complete the ultrasound and find
several calculi in the bladder. What is the most likely type of stone?
a. Urate
b. Calcium oxalate
c. Xanthine
d. Struvite
e. Cysteine
Give this one a try later!
, a. Urate
Animals with portosystemic shunts are very presdisposed to developing
urate uroliths due to their inability to metabolize purines appropriately
A 9-year-old male Bostom Terrier dog is found to have a 5-cm mass in the left inguinal
area lateral to the prepuce. Cytologic examination of a fine-needle aspirate shows
numerous round, discrete cells with reddish purple granules. Left inguinal lymph node
is also enlarged. Similar cells are seen in the lymph node and in a blood smear. Which
of the following is the most appropriate management?
a. Administration of cisplastin and aluminum hydroxide
b. Administration of levamisole and aspirin
c. Administration of prednisone and cimetidine
d. Conventional surgical removal of the mass
e. Cryosurgical removal of the mass
Give this one a try later!
c. Administration of prednisone and cimetidine
Which of the following breeds is predisposed to canine familial dermatomyositis?
a. Siberian Huskies
b. Collies
c. Golden Retrievers
d. Doberman
Give this one a try later!
episodes. Cardiac auscultation reveals a grade 4/6 left systolic murmur heard best at
the base of the heart. Thoracic radiographs show a mildly nelarged left ventricle and
left atrium, and segmental enlargement of the ascending aorta. What test will best
help you to confirm your tentative diagnosis?
a. 24 hour Holter ECG monitor
b. CT scan
c. Echocardiogram
d. Coomb's test
e. Heartworm antigen test
Give this one a try later!
, c. Echocardiogram
The breed, clinical history of syncope, radiographic findings, and
auscultation findings are most consistent with aortic stenosis.
Echocardiography would be the best method for diagnosing the disease in
which you would find left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, stenosis of
the aortic outflow tract, and post-stenotic dilatation of the ascending aorta.
A Holter monitor is the test of choice for arrhythmogenic right ventricular
cardiomyopathy (ARVC) which is also seen in Boxer and syncope but does
not fit with the physical exam or radiographic findings. Also called Boxer
cardiomyopathy, ARVC is a disease associated with fibrofatty infiltrate into
the right ventricle resulting in electrical conduction disturbances and
resultant VPCs.
A CT scan would not add more information, and cardiac motion typically
causes resolution problems on thoracic CT scans. The signs are not
consistent with heartworm, which is primarily a right heart problem, or with
hemolytic anemia, which a Cooms' test might be useful for.
A 2-year-old female spayed German Shepherd is presented with
recurrent left thoracic limb lameness that is aggravated by exercise.
Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Panosteitis
b. Osteochondrosis
c. Osteosarcoma
Hypertrophic osteodystrophy
e. Hypertrophic osteopathy
Give this one a try later!
, b. Osteochondrosis
Osteochonrdosis of the caudal humeral head is the cause of the
intermittent lameness.
Radiographic interpretation:
-Left shoulder: on the lateral radiograph, there is flattening of the caudal
aspect of the humeral head with a linear mineral density that is separated
from the joint surface. There is mild scelrosis of the cudal humeral head.
Osteophytes are present on the caudal glenoid as well as in the inter-
turbucular groove. On the ventrodorsal projections, osteophytes are
additionally visible on the medial and lateral aspects of the glenoid
-Right shoulder: On the lateral raiograph, the caudal humeral head is
flattened and irregular with mild sclerosis of the subchondral bone. There
are smallosteophytes present on the caudal and distal glenoid as well as
the inter-turbecular grooves
This dog had bilateral shoulder osteochondrosis (Radiographs of right
shoulder not shown).
Hypertrophic osteodystrophy is a metaphyseal disorder of the long bones
in large and giant breeds of dogs. Radiographic signs are radiolucent lines
parallel to the epiphyseal growth plates, and periosteal proliferation at the
metaphysis
You perform an abdominal ultrasound to evaluate a Yorkshire Terrier with a suspected
liver shunt. After finding the shunt vessel, you complete the ultrasound and find
several calculi in the bladder. What is the most likely type of stone?
a. Urate
b. Calcium oxalate
c. Xanthine
d. Struvite
e. Cysteine
Give this one a try later!
, a. Urate
Animals with portosystemic shunts are very presdisposed to developing
urate uroliths due to their inability to metabolize purines appropriately
A 9-year-old male Bostom Terrier dog is found to have a 5-cm mass in the left inguinal
area lateral to the prepuce. Cytologic examination of a fine-needle aspirate shows
numerous round, discrete cells with reddish purple granules. Left inguinal lymph node
is also enlarged. Similar cells are seen in the lymph node and in a blood smear. Which
of the following is the most appropriate management?
a. Administration of cisplastin and aluminum hydroxide
b. Administration of levamisole and aspirin
c. Administration of prednisone and cimetidine
d. Conventional surgical removal of the mass
e. Cryosurgical removal of the mass
Give this one a try later!
c. Administration of prednisone and cimetidine
Which of the following breeds is predisposed to canine familial dermatomyositis?
a. Siberian Huskies
b. Collies
c. Golden Retrievers
d. Doberman
Give this one a try later!
