A 6-year old intact male domestic short haired cat presents with acute onset
exophthalmos of the right eye in the past 2 days. He is painful on palpation around his
eye and head. The eye can be retropulsed with minimal resistance. He has not been
eating in the past day and has a rectal temperature of 103.4F (39.7 C). What is the most
likely diagnosis?
a) Anterior uveitis
b) Orbital neoplasia
c) Retrobulbar abscess
d) Glaucoma
Give this one a try later!
c) retrobulbar abscess
Explanation
The answer is a retrobulbar abscess. Acute, painful exophthalmos is usually
due to retrobulbar abscessation. These lesions are usually painful and may
be swollen. These animals are frequently systemically ill with fever and
leukocytosis. Causes of retrobulbar abscesses include penetrating wounds,
foreign bodies, spread from dental or sinus infection, and hematogenous
, spread. Glaucoma does not cause exophthalmos, although, chronically it
can cause buphthalmos which may appear similar. Anterior uveitis also
does not cause exophthalmos.
A 4-year old male castrated Basenji presents for polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss.
Blood work shows P=2.5 (2.9-5.3 mg/dl), K= 3.1 (3.9-5.1 mEq/L), total CO2= 12 (17-25
mmol/L). The remainder of the blood work is within normal limits. Urinalysis shows 3+
glucose. Which of the following is your most likely differential diagnosis?
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Fanconi syndrome
c) Pyometra
d) Pyelonephritis
Give this one a try later!
b) Fanconi Syndrome
Explanation
The correct answer is Fanconi syndrome. Fanconi syndrome is an inherited
disease in Basenjis. The disease involves renal tubular defects causing an
abnormal loss of electrolytes and solutes leading to hypophosphatemia,
hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis. DM is less likely because serum
glucose is normal. The lab abnormalities present in this dog are not
consistent with pyelonephritis. Pyometra is not a viable choice as the
signalment describes a male.
If an IV set dispenses 60 drops/ml, what is the IV drip rate (drops per minute) needed
to give a cat 300 ml of Lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) over 6 hours?
A - 60
B - 50
C - 100
D - 10
,Give this one a try later!
b) 50
Explanation
50 drops/min.
Drip rate =(Volume of solution in ml X drops/ml)/time in minutes.
300 ml X 60 drops/ml=18,000 drops.
6 hours X 60 min/hour= 360 minutes
Drip rate= 18,000 drops/360 min=50 drops/min
Which one requires a longer exposure time?
A - Non-screen film
B - Gridless film
C - Screen film
D - Film type does not matter
Give this one a try later!
a) non-screen film
Explanation
Non-screen film is primarily sensitive to x-rays, not light, requires LONG
exposure times and produces radiographs with superb detail.
Non-screen films are a good choice for intra-oral exams, dental studies,
nasal radiographs and x-rays of bony extremities.
How common are dental caries (cavities) in dogs?
, A - Common
B - Seen in 35% of adults older than 5 years
C - Uncommon
D - Seen in 75% of adults older than 5 years
Give this one a try later!
C) uncommon
Explanation
Dental caries (cavities) are UNcommon in dogs and RARE in cats. This may
be due to differences from humans in oral flora and diets that are mostly
free of easily fermentable carbohydrates (ie: pets don't drink soda pop
every day). Also, dogs have slightly alkaline saliva.
In cats there is a poorly understood problem called Feline odontoclastic
resorptive lesions, (FORL, or "neck lesions") where tooth material is
resorbed around the "neck" of a tooth. Possibly infectious, but the actual
cause is not yet known.
A 16-year old budgerigar presents with progressive unilateral paresis
of the right leg (see image). There is normal flexion and extension of
the hip joint with decreased flexion, extension, and sensation below
the knee. The remainder of your skeletal and neurologic examination is
unremarkable. Which of the following is most likely in this bird?
a) Botulism
b) Intervertebral disc disease
c) Lead toxicosis
d) Renal neoplasia
e) Marek's disease
Give this one a try later!
exophthalmos of the right eye in the past 2 days. He is painful on palpation around his
eye and head. The eye can be retropulsed with minimal resistance. He has not been
eating in the past day and has a rectal temperature of 103.4F (39.7 C). What is the most
likely diagnosis?
a) Anterior uveitis
b) Orbital neoplasia
c) Retrobulbar abscess
d) Glaucoma
Give this one a try later!
c) retrobulbar abscess
Explanation
The answer is a retrobulbar abscess. Acute, painful exophthalmos is usually
due to retrobulbar abscessation. These lesions are usually painful and may
be swollen. These animals are frequently systemically ill with fever and
leukocytosis. Causes of retrobulbar abscesses include penetrating wounds,
foreign bodies, spread from dental or sinus infection, and hematogenous
, spread. Glaucoma does not cause exophthalmos, although, chronically it
can cause buphthalmos which may appear similar. Anterior uveitis also
does not cause exophthalmos.
A 4-year old male castrated Basenji presents for polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss.
Blood work shows P=2.5 (2.9-5.3 mg/dl), K= 3.1 (3.9-5.1 mEq/L), total CO2= 12 (17-25
mmol/L). The remainder of the blood work is within normal limits. Urinalysis shows 3+
glucose. Which of the following is your most likely differential diagnosis?
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Fanconi syndrome
c) Pyometra
d) Pyelonephritis
Give this one a try later!
b) Fanconi Syndrome
Explanation
The correct answer is Fanconi syndrome. Fanconi syndrome is an inherited
disease in Basenjis. The disease involves renal tubular defects causing an
abnormal loss of electrolytes and solutes leading to hypophosphatemia,
hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis. DM is less likely because serum
glucose is normal. The lab abnormalities present in this dog are not
consistent with pyelonephritis. Pyometra is not a viable choice as the
signalment describes a male.
If an IV set dispenses 60 drops/ml, what is the IV drip rate (drops per minute) needed
to give a cat 300 ml of Lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) over 6 hours?
A - 60
B - 50
C - 100
D - 10
,Give this one a try later!
b) 50
Explanation
50 drops/min.
Drip rate =(Volume of solution in ml X drops/ml)/time in minutes.
300 ml X 60 drops/ml=18,000 drops.
6 hours X 60 min/hour= 360 minutes
Drip rate= 18,000 drops/360 min=50 drops/min
Which one requires a longer exposure time?
A - Non-screen film
B - Gridless film
C - Screen film
D - Film type does not matter
Give this one a try later!
a) non-screen film
Explanation
Non-screen film is primarily sensitive to x-rays, not light, requires LONG
exposure times and produces radiographs with superb detail.
Non-screen films are a good choice for intra-oral exams, dental studies,
nasal radiographs and x-rays of bony extremities.
How common are dental caries (cavities) in dogs?
, A - Common
B - Seen in 35% of adults older than 5 years
C - Uncommon
D - Seen in 75% of adults older than 5 years
Give this one a try later!
C) uncommon
Explanation
Dental caries (cavities) are UNcommon in dogs and RARE in cats. This may
be due to differences from humans in oral flora and diets that are mostly
free of easily fermentable carbohydrates (ie: pets don't drink soda pop
every day). Also, dogs have slightly alkaline saliva.
In cats there is a poorly understood problem called Feline odontoclastic
resorptive lesions, (FORL, or "neck lesions") where tooth material is
resorbed around the "neck" of a tooth. Possibly infectious, but the actual
cause is not yet known.
A 16-year old budgerigar presents with progressive unilateral paresis
of the right leg (see image). There is normal flexion and extension of
the hip joint with decreased flexion, extension, and sensation below
the knee. The remainder of your skeletal and neurologic examination is
unremarkable. Which of the following is most likely in this bird?
a) Botulism
b) Intervertebral disc disease
c) Lead toxicosis
d) Renal neoplasia
e) Marek's disease
Give this one a try later!
