NBRC TMC Pharmacology EXAM QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS RECENT AND
COMPREHENSIVE VERSION GUARANTEED
PASS WITH INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD.
Short-Acting Beta2 Agonists (Rescue Medications)
Albuterol (Ventolin or Proventil)
Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Tx of acute episodes of bronchospasm
Long-Acting Beta2 Agonists (Maintenance/Long-Term Medications)
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Formoterol (Foradil)
Arformoterol (Brovana)
Long-Term control of bronchospasms in asthma/COPD
Taken twice daily
*Not for acute episodes of bronchospasm
*If bronchospasm/wheezing persists, first increase dosage to maximum, then increase
frequency
Anticholinergics (Parasympatholytics)
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva)
Tx of persistent bronchospasm
Can be given with SABA's
Methylxanthines
Theophylline
Caffeine
Increases cAMP in smooth muscle
*Blood levels of Theophylline are important to monitor
*Toxicity is serious and occurs at levels >20mcg/mL
, Corticosteroids
Fluticasone (Flovent)
Beclomethasone (Beclovent, Vanceril, Qvar)
Budesonide (Pulmicort)
Prednisone
Tx in patients with asthma and COPD
*Rinse mouth after therapy to prevent thrush
Multiple Tx Sequence
1-Bronchodilator and/or anticholinergic
2-Corticosteroid
3-Antibiotics
Mucolytics
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
-Liquifies tenacious secretions
-Tx of acetaminophen overdose
Recombinant human DNAse (Pulmozyme)
-Specifically indicated for patients with Cystic Fibrosis
*Side effects- Voice alteration, pharyngitis, laryngitis, rash, chest pain, conjunctivitis
Pulmonary Vasodilators
Prostacyclins: epoprostenol (Flolan)
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Tx of pulmonary hypertension, ARDS, right ventricular failure/cor pulmonale
Wetting Agents
Water given orally or intravenously
Best mucolytic
Sterile distilled water aerosol is very irritating to airways and may cause bronchospasm
0.45% Saline
Hypotonic
For liquefying secretions and humidifying the airway
May be irritating and cause swelling of dried secretions
May cause bronchospasm
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS RECENT AND
COMPREHENSIVE VERSION GUARANTEED
PASS WITH INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD.
Short-Acting Beta2 Agonists (Rescue Medications)
Albuterol (Ventolin or Proventil)
Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Tx of acute episodes of bronchospasm
Long-Acting Beta2 Agonists (Maintenance/Long-Term Medications)
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Formoterol (Foradil)
Arformoterol (Brovana)
Long-Term control of bronchospasms in asthma/COPD
Taken twice daily
*Not for acute episodes of bronchospasm
*If bronchospasm/wheezing persists, first increase dosage to maximum, then increase
frequency
Anticholinergics (Parasympatholytics)
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva)
Tx of persistent bronchospasm
Can be given with SABA's
Methylxanthines
Theophylline
Caffeine
Increases cAMP in smooth muscle
*Blood levels of Theophylline are important to monitor
*Toxicity is serious and occurs at levels >20mcg/mL
, Corticosteroids
Fluticasone (Flovent)
Beclomethasone (Beclovent, Vanceril, Qvar)
Budesonide (Pulmicort)
Prednisone
Tx in patients with asthma and COPD
*Rinse mouth after therapy to prevent thrush
Multiple Tx Sequence
1-Bronchodilator and/or anticholinergic
2-Corticosteroid
3-Antibiotics
Mucolytics
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
-Liquifies tenacious secretions
-Tx of acetaminophen overdose
Recombinant human DNAse (Pulmozyme)
-Specifically indicated for patients with Cystic Fibrosis
*Side effects- Voice alteration, pharyngitis, laryngitis, rash, chest pain, conjunctivitis
Pulmonary Vasodilators
Prostacyclins: epoprostenol (Flolan)
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Tx of pulmonary hypertension, ARDS, right ventricular failure/cor pulmonale
Wetting Agents
Water given orally or intravenously
Best mucolytic
Sterile distilled water aerosol is very irritating to airways and may cause bronchospasm
0.45% Saline
Hypotonic
For liquefying secretions and humidifying the airway
May be irritating and cause swelling of dried secretions
May cause bronchospasm
