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A stereotype is an ending point. No attempt is made to learn whether the
individual in question fits the statement or assumption. A generalization is a
beginning point.
Psychoeducation
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, Psycho-education is health education combined with behavioral
counseling. The counseling component deals with emotions, perceptions,
coping, relaxation and self-care. Psycho-education is the education of a
person in subject areas that serve the goals of treatment and rehabilitation
- teaching people about their problem, how to treat it and how to
recognize signs of relapse. The core psycho-educational principle is
education has a role in emotional and behavioral change. Self-efficacy is
the person believing that he/she is able to manage the situation. Psycho-
educational groups are good options for clients for whom group therapy
does not work e.g. clients who are unable to maintain confidentiality or
who engage in anti-social behaviors or clients who are not motivated to
participate in treatment. It is a highly structured format in one or two hour
time-limited groups. Presents an opportunity to discuss presented material
but very little processing of personal issues. Has been found to be among
the most effective evidence-based practices.
Documenting the Treatment Process
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The client file is the official legal record of the treatment process and is
subject to numerous legal and administrative requirements as well as
clinical practice standards.
How duties are defined and ethical accountability is established.
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Agencies must treat requirements in the following order of precedence:
Law (federal, state, local); precedent by case law; reasonable person test
(common sense); regulations or administrative rules; contracts.
,Process of SUD Treatment: Models of Treatment
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Medical model: Views addiction as a chronic and progressive disease.
Emphasis on physical causes and genetic factors. Spiritual Model: Largely
because of AA and 12 step fellowships - Cocaine Anonymous, Narcotics
Anonymous and Al-Anon. Spiritual models give less weight to causation
and emphasize the importance of the spiritual path to recovery.
Recognizing a higher power beyond one-self, asking for healing of
character, maintaining communication withe the Higher Power through
prayer and meditation and seeking to conform one's life to its will. Twelve
step programs are not "wholly self-help but rather "Higer Power-help"
programs. Psychological model - psycopathology can be treated
behaviorally or psychoanalytically oriented dynamic therapies. Change
process shifts from internal (intrapsychic) to external (behavioral,
interpersonal). Sociocultural model: substance related problems are seen
as occurring in interactive relations with families, groups, and communities,
alterations in policies, laws and norms as part of the change process.
Composite Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Model: recognizes the importance of
many interacting influences.
Recovery
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Process of change whereby individuals improve their health and wellness.
The Interview Climate
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, Factors include Stigma, Expectations, Likableness, First Impression,
Professional Manner, Environment.
Prescription Drugs
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Past year abuse of prescription pain killers now ranks second-only behind
marijuana- as the nations's most prevalent drug problem.
Types of Treatment Programs: Withdrawal management:
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Broad process with three essential components: Evaluation; Stabilization;
Fostering client entry into treatment. Withdrawal management can be
ambulatory (outpatient) methadone maintenance clinic - less expensive,
less disruptive, allows client to remain in same environment where he/she
will function when drug-free. Residential/inpatient programs can be
provided in acute care hospital, residential addiction programs, psychiatric
hospital or freestanding medical care. Outpatient treatment can range from
highly structured to "drop-in" centers.
Intervention Documentation
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