N3661 FINAL REVIEW - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
FVD S&S - (answer)- Decreased BP
- tachy
- acute weight loss
poor skin turgor
elevated temp
thready pulse
FVD treatment - (answer)- IV lactated ringer or NaCl
- once balance established- hypotonic solution (0.45% naCl) to provide electrolytes and water
FVO risk factors - (answer)- HF
- renal failure
- cirrhosis of liver
- overdoes of na fluids
- prolonged use of corticosteriods
FVO S&S - (answer)- edema
- distended neck veins
- crackles in lung
- tachy
- bounding pulse
- increased BP
- increased weight
- SOB
FVO labs - (answer)- HCT and HGB decreased
- decreased serum osmolality
,N3661 FINAL REVIEW - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
- decreased BUN
FVO treatment - (answer)- monitor I&O
- daily weight
- Na restricted diet
- fluid restrictions
- diuretics
- monitor N a and K levels
Soduim lvls - (answer)135-145
Hyponatremia - (answer)- mental status
- SEIZURE precautions , coma
- gradual replacement- can cause cerebral edema
- headache, confusion, dizzy, decreased deep tendon reflexes
- hyperactive bowel
- Hx HF
Hyponatremia treatment - (answer)- water restriction
- Na replacement oral if can
- IV LR or NS
- If SIADH is cause- hypertonic fluids, restrict fluids, diuretics
Hypernatremia - (answer)- restless
- muscle twitching, weak muscles, decreased deep tendon reflexes
- thirst
- N&V
, N3661 FINAL REVIEW - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
- serum osmolality >300
- elevated temp
- dry, swollen tongue
- sticky ucosa
Hypernatremia treatment - (answer)- hypotonic electrolyte solution
- D5W
- assess OTC sources of sodium
- fluids
Potassium lvls - (answer)3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Hypokalemia S&S - (answer)- dysrhythmias
- glucose intolerance
- on diuretics
- diarrhea
- lethargy
- flattened T waves; ST depression; prolonged PR interval
- decreased BP, weak pulse, ortho hypo
Hypokalemia treatment - (answer)- heart monitor
- increase dietary K
- potassium replacement
- if giving IV K- check kidney function
- K rich foods- avocados, broccoli, dairy, dried fruit, bananas, lean meats
Hyperkalemia S&S - (answer)- cardiac changes and dysrhythmias
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
FVD S&S - (answer)- Decreased BP
- tachy
- acute weight loss
poor skin turgor
elevated temp
thready pulse
FVD treatment - (answer)- IV lactated ringer or NaCl
- once balance established- hypotonic solution (0.45% naCl) to provide electrolytes and water
FVO risk factors - (answer)- HF
- renal failure
- cirrhosis of liver
- overdoes of na fluids
- prolonged use of corticosteriods
FVO S&S - (answer)- edema
- distended neck veins
- crackles in lung
- tachy
- bounding pulse
- increased BP
- increased weight
- SOB
FVO labs - (answer)- HCT and HGB decreased
- decreased serum osmolality
,N3661 FINAL REVIEW - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
- decreased BUN
FVO treatment - (answer)- monitor I&O
- daily weight
- Na restricted diet
- fluid restrictions
- diuretics
- monitor N a and K levels
Soduim lvls - (answer)135-145
Hyponatremia - (answer)- mental status
- SEIZURE precautions , coma
- gradual replacement- can cause cerebral edema
- headache, confusion, dizzy, decreased deep tendon reflexes
- hyperactive bowel
- Hx HF
Hyponatremia treatment - (answer)- water restriction
- Na replacement oral if can
- IV LR or NS
- If SIADH is cause- hypertonic fluids, restrict fluids, diuretics
Hypernatremia - (answer)- restless
- muscle twitching, weak muscles, decreased deep tendon reflexes
- thirst
- N&V
, N3661 FINAL REVIEW - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
- serum osmolality >300
- elevated temp
- dry, swollen tongue
- sticky ucosa
Hypernatremia treatment - (answer)- hypotonic electrolyte solution
- D5W
- assess OTC sources of sodium
- fluids
Potassium lvls - (answer)3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Hypokalemia S&S - (answer)- dysrhythmias
- glucose intolerance
- on diuretics
- diarrhea
- lethargy
- flattened T waves; ST depression; prolonged PR interval
- decreased BP, weak pulse, ortho hypo
Hypokalemia treatment - (answer)- heart monitor
- increase dietary K
- potassium replacement
- if giving IV K- check kidney function
- K rich foods- avocados, broccoli, dairy, dried fruit, bananas, lean meats
Hyperkalemia S&S - (answer)- cardiac changes and dysrhythmias
