ONL:HU NSG120 Pathophysiology Exam
1 2026 Fall C - Herzing University HESI
latest update
Chlamydia S/S - correct answer Most common STI in US. major cause of sterility
and leading cause of PID
Often asymptomatic
men--> urethritis, thin water discharge with burning and itching, scrotal swelling
women--> urethritis, cervicitis, dysuria, yellow vaginal discharge with burning/itching,
abdo pain, and dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
Gonorrhea - correct answer2nd most common STI; infxn of urinary tract.
asymptomatic, purulent discharge, dysuria
Males: prostatitis, epididymitits.
Females: PID and infertility, conjunctivitis in neonates
Trichomoniasis s/s - correct answerProtozoal infxn--vaginal in women and urethral
in men.
- asymptomatic
- urethritis, dysuria and itching, women: discharge
Chlamydia treatment and prevention - correct answerTreatment: Azithromycin and
other antibiotics
Prevention: Safe sex and absitnence
Gonorrhea treatment and prevention - correct answerTreatment: Antibacterial drugs
(penicillin or ceftriaxone + doxycycline) Some drug-resistant strains Retest for
eradication
-Ophthalmia neonatorum prevented by prophylactic treatment of eyes of all newborns
within 1 hour
-Required by law in U.S.
,Trichomoniasis treatment - correct answerMetronidazole (Flagyl)
Gonorrhea prognosis - correct answerGood with prompt diagnosis and treatment.
chlamydia prognosis - correct answer-good with early treatment
-if untreated: PID, infertility in females; epididymitis in males, sterility in both
endometriosis - correct answera condition in which patches of endometrial tissue
escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity
Endometriosis Signs and Symptoms - correct answerDysmenorrhea with pain in
lower back and vagina.
Infertility
Severity of pain is not indicative of extent of the disease.
Dyspareunia, dysuria, and sometimes painful defecation.
breast cancer prevention - correct answerdiet, exercise, maintaining healthy body
weight, pregnancy and breastfeeding decisions, routine screenings--esp for women with
a family history
Hormones and Menstrual Cycle - correct answer- After menses, FSH is secreted
and causes ovarian follicle to mature. The follicle secretes estrogen, which thickens
uterine lining.
•Mid-way through the cycle, LH levels greatly increase and cause ovulation
•The ovarian follicle increases progesterone production to help the uterus to prepare for
a potential implantation of a fertilized ovum.
•If no fertilization, estrogen and progesterone levels drop and the uterine lining
degenerates, resulting in menstruation.
Cancer of the prostate - correct answerLeading cancer in older males; A hard area
on the prostate or hard, fixed, irregular nodules on the prostate suggest cancer. The
median sulcus may not be palpable.
S/S of prostate cancer - correct answerinitally asymptomatic.
urinary obstuction-blood in urine or semen, painful ejaculation
symptoms are similar to BPH
, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - correct answerenlargement of the prostate
gland. More common in older males
BPH s/s - correct answerhesitancy and straining during urination.
Decreased strength of the urine stream (weak flow).
Dribbling after urination.
Feeling that the bladder is not completely empty.
An urge to urinate again soon after urinating.
Pain during urination (dysuria).
Cancer of the Testes - correct answerMost testicular tumors are malignant.
1 in 300 affected
Most common solid tumor cancer in young men
Number of cases increasing
Testicular self-examination is essential for early detection.
May originate from one type of cell or mixed cells from various sources
Teratoma—tumor consisting of mixture of different germ cells
Some malignant tumors secrete hCG or AFP, which serve as useful markers for
diagnosis.
s/s of testicular cancer - correct answerscrotal "fullness or heaviness," may NOT
experience pain, dull ache in lower abdomen or groin, lump in testicle, sudden collection
of fluid in scrotum, later enlarged tender breasts (gynecomastia)
testes function - correct answerproduce sperm and testosterone
hyperparathyroidism treatment - correct answerSurgery
Volume replacement
Improve GFR
Increase Ca+ excretion
Diuretics
Cause of hypoparathyroidism - correct answer-removal of thyroid
-trauma to glands
Hypoparathyroidism treatment - correct answervit D+ca supplementation
if low serum Ca, high urine Ca, add diuretic thiazide
Hyperthyroidism symptoms - correct answerNervousness, weight loss despite
increased appetite, excessive sweating and heat intolerance, palpitations, frequent
bowel movements, muscular weakness of the proximal type and tremor
1 2026 Fall C - Herzing University HESI
latest update
Chlamydia S/S - correct answer Most common STI in US. major cause of sterility
and leading cause of PID
Often asymptomatic
men--> urethritis, thin water discharge with burning and itching, scrotal swelling
women--> urethritis, cervicitis, dysuria, yellow vaginal discharge with burning/itching,
abdo pain, and dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
Gonorrhea - correct answer2nd most common STI; infxn of urinary tract.
asymptomatic, purulent discharge, dysuria
Males: prostatitis, epididymitits.
Females: PID and infertility, conjunctivitis in neonates
Trichomoniasis s/s - correct answerProtozoal infxn--vaginal in women and urethral
in men.
- asymptomatic
- urethritis, dysuria and itching, women: discharge
Chlamydia treatment and prevention - correct answerTreatment: Azithromycin and
other antibiotics
Prevention: Safe sex and absitnence
Gonorrhea treatment and prevention - correct answerTreatment: Antibacterial drugs
(penicillin or ceftriaxone + doxycycline) Some drug-resistant strains Retest for
eradication
-Ophthalmia neonatorum prevented by prophylactic treatment of eyes of all newborns
within 1 hour
-Required by law in U.S.
,Trichomoniasis treatment - correct answerMetronidazole (Flagyl)
Gonorrhea prognosis - correct answerGood with prompt diagnosis and treatment.
chlamydia prognosis - correct answer-good with early treatment
-if untreated: PID, infertility in females; epididymitis in males, sterility in both
endometriosis - correct answera condition in which patches of endometrial tissue
escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity
Endometriosis Signs and Symptoms - correct answerDysmenorrhea with pain in
lower back and vagina.
Infertility
Severity of pain is not indicative of extent of the disease.
Dyspareunia, dysuria, and sometimes painful defecation.
breast cancer prevention - correct answerdiet, exercise, maintaining healthy body
weight, pregnancy and breastfeeding decisions, routine screenings--esp for women with
a family history
Hormones and Menstrual Cycle - correct answer- After menses, FSH is secreted
and causes ovarian follicle to mature. The follicle secretes estrogen, which thickens
uterine lining.
•Mid-way through the cycle, LH levels greatly increase and cause ovulation
•The ovarian follicle increases progesterone production to help the uterus to prepare for
a potential implantation of a fertilized ovum.
•If no fertilization, estrogen and progesterone levels drop and the uterine lining
degenerates, resulting in menstruation.
Cancer of the prostate - correct answerLeading cancer in older males; A hard area
on the prostate or hard, fixed, irregular nodules on the prostate suggest cancer. The
median sulcus may not be palpable.
S/S of prostate cancer - correct answerinitally asymptomatic.
urinary obstuction-blood in urine or semen, painful ejaculation
symptoms are similar to BPH
, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - correct answerenlargement of the prostate
gland. More common in older males
BPH s/s - correct answerhesitancy and straining during urination.
Decreased strength of the urine stream (weak flow).
Dribbling after urination.
Feeling that the bladder is not completely empty.
An urge to urinate again soon after urinating.
Pain during urination (dysuria).
Cancer of the Testes - correct answerMost testicular tumors are malignant.
1 in 300 affected
Most common solid tumor cancer in young men
Number of cases increasing
Testicular self-examination is essential for early detection.
May originate from one type of cell or mixed cells from various sources
Teratoma—tumor consisting of mixture of different germ cells
Some malignant tumors secrete hCG or AFP, which serve as useful markers for
diagnosis.
s/s of testicular cancer - correct answerscrotal "fullness or heaviness," may NOT
experience pain, dull ache in lower abdomen or groin, lump in testicle, sudden collection
of fluid in scrotum, later enlarged tender breasts (gynecomastia)
testes function - correct answerproduce sperm and testosterone
hyperparathyroidism treatment - correct answerSurgery
Volume replacement
Improve GFR
Increase Ca+ excretion
Diuretics
Cause of hypoparathyroidism - correct answer-removal of thyroid
-trauma to glands
Hypoparathyroidism treatment - correct answervit D+ca supplementation
if low serum Ca, high urine Ca, add diuretic thiazide
Hyperthyroidism symptoms - correct answerNervousness, weight loss despite
increased appetite, excessive sweating and heat intolerance, palpitations, frequent
bowel movements, muscular weakness of the proximal type and tremor
