PEDIATRIC PRIMARY CARE TEST BANK (BURNS 8TH EDITION) – PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A |
INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF.
CORE DOMAINS
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Management of Acute and Chronic Illnesses
Growth and Developmental Surveillance
Pharmacological Interventions in Pediatrics
Nutrition and Physical Activity Counseling
Behavioral and Mental Health Assessment
Legal, Ethical, and Professional Foundations
Cultural Competence in Pediatric Care
INTRODUCTION
The primary purpose of this assessment is to evaluate the clinical proficiency and theoretical
knowledge of healthcare providers specializing in pediatric primary care. This exam assesses a
broad range of skills, including diagnostic reasoning, therapeutic management, and the
application of evidence-based guidelines across the pediatric lifespan from infancy through
adolescence. The structure consists of multiple-choice and scenario-based questions designed
to mirror real-world clinical encounters. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, decision-making,
and the provider's ability to navigate complex physiological and psychosocial presentations while
adhering to regulatory standards and ethical principles in a primary care setting.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
, 1. A 4-year-old child presents for a well-child visit. The provider notes the child is unable to
hop on one foot or draw a person with at least three parts. Which action is most
appropriate?
A. Refer the child immediately to a pediatric neurologist.
B. Reassure the parents that children develop at different rates.
🟢 C. Perform a standardized developmental screening tool.
D. Schedule a follow-up visit in six months to re-evaluate.
🔴 RATIONALE: When a child misses developmental milestones for their age, the next step is to
use a validated screening tool to objectively assess for delays before referring or waiting.
2. Which physical finding is considered a hallmark sign of developmental dysplasia of the hip
(DDH) in a 2-month-old infant?
A. Trendelenburg sign.
🟢 B. Positive Ortolani maneuver.
C. Symmetrical thigh folds.
D. Internal rotation of the femur.
🔴 RATIONALE: The Ortolani maneuver is used to identify a dislocated hip that can be reduced;
a "clunk" indicates the femoral head is moving back into the acetabulum, a key finding in early
infancy for DDH.
3. An adolescent patient is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. What is the most
important education regarding physical activity?
A. Resume normal sports immediately if feeling well.
B. Avoid all exercise for at least six months.
🟢 C. Avoid contact sports for 3 to 4 weeks to prevent splenic rupture.
D. Only engage in swimming for the next eight weeks.
🔴 RATIONALE: Splenomegaly is a common complication of mononucleosis; avoiding contact
sports is critical to prevent the life-threatening risk of splenic rupture.
, 4. A 6-month-old infant is brought in for a fever of 102°F. The infant is alert, hydrated, and
has a normal physical exam except for the fever. What is the first-line diagnostic test?
🟢 A. Urinalysis and urine culture.
B. Chest X-ray.
C. Lumbar puncture.
D. Complete blood count with differential.
🔴 RATIONALE: In febrile infants with no identifiable source of infection, urinary tract infections
(UTIs) are the most common bacterial cause and must be ruled out first.
5. Which of the following is a legal requirement for a primary care provider regarding
suspected child abuse?
A. Ensure there is definitive proof before reporting.
B. Consult with the office manager before taking action.
🟢 C. Report any reasonable suspicion to Child Protective Services.
D. Inform the parents that a report is being filed.
🔴 RATIONALE: Healthcare providers are mandatory reporters and are legally required to report
any "reasonable suspicion" of abuse or neglect to the appropriate authorities.
6. A mother expresses concern that her 18-month-old child is not yet talking. Which is the
most appropriate initial step?
A. Order a brain MRI.
🟢 B. Refer for a formal audiology evaluation.
C. Recommend a speech therapist immediately.
D. Advise the mother to read more books to the child.
🔴 RATIONALE: Hearing loss must be ruled out as a primary cause of speech delay in any child
who is not meeting language milestones.
, 7. A 12-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of unilateral scrotal pain and a missing
cremasteric reflex. What is the priority intervention?
A. Administer intravenous antibiotics for epididymitis.
B. Order an ultrasound for a follow-up in 24 hours.
🟢 C. Immediate referral to the emergency department for surgical evaluation.
D. Apply ice packs and recommend bed rest.
🔴 RATIONALE: These symptoms are classic for testicular torsion, a surgical emergency where
the window for saving the testicle is very narrow (usually under 6 hours).
8. Which immunization is contraindicated in a child who is significantly
immunocompromised?
A. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV).
🟢 B. Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR).
C. Hepatitis B.
D. Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap).
🔴 RATIONALE: Live-attenuated vaccines, such as MMR and Varicella, are generally
contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals due to the risk of uncontrolled viral
replication.
9. A 10-year-old child presents with a "slapped-cheek" rash and a lacy, reticular rash on the
trunk. What is the causative agent?
A. Group A Streptococcus.
B. Coxsackievirus.
🟢 C. Human Parvovirus B19.
D. Epstein-Barr Virus.
🔴 RATIONALE: Erythema infectiosum, or Fifth Disease, is caused by Parvovirus B19 and is
characterized by the distinct facial rash and subsequent body rash.
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A |
INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF.
CORE DOMAINS
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Management of Acute and Chronic Illnesses
Growth and Developmental Surveillance
Pharmacological Interventions in Pediatrics
Nutrition and Physical Activity Counseling
Behavioral and Mental Health Assessment
Legal, Ethical, and Professional Foundations
Cultural Competence in Pediatric Care
INTRODUCTION
The primary purpose of this assessment is to evaluate the clinical proficiency and theoretical
knowledge of healthcare providers specializing in pediatric primary care. This exam assesses a
broad range of skills, including diagnostic reasoning, therapeutic management, and the
application of evidence-based guidelines across the pediatric lifespan from infancy through
adolescence. The structure consists of multiple-choice and scenario-based questions designed
to mirror real-world clinical encounters. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, decision-making,
and the provider's ability to navigate complex physiological and psychosocial presentations while
adhering to regulatory standards and ethical principles in a primary care setting.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
, 1. A 4-year-old child presents for a well-child visit. The provider notes the child is unable to
hop on one foot or draw a person with at least three parts. Which action is most
appropriate?
A. Refer the child immediately to a pediatric neurologist.
B. Reassure the parents that children develop at different rates.
🟢 C. Perform a standardized developmental screening tool.
D. Schedule a follow-up visit in six months to re-evaluate.
🔴 RATIONALE: When a child misses developmental milestones for their age, the next step is to
use a validated screening tool to objectively assess for delays before referring or waiting.
2. Which physical finding is considered a hallmark sign of developmental dysplasia of the hip
(DDH) in a 2-month-old infant?
A. Trendelenburg sign.
🟢 B. Positive Ortolani maneuver.
C. Symmetrical thigh folds.
D. Internal rotation of the femur.
🔴 RATIONALE: The Ortolani maneuver is used to identify a dislocated hip that can be reduced;
a "clunk" indicates the femoral head is moving back into the acetabulum, a key finding in early
infancy for DDH.
3. An adolescent patient is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. What is the most
important education regarding physical activity?
A. Resume normal sports immediately if feeling well.
B. Avoid all exercise for at least six months.
🟢 C. Avoid contact sports for 3 to 4 weeks to prevent splenic rupture.
D. Only engage in swimming for the next eight weeks.
🔴 RATIONALE: Splenomegaly is a common complication of mononucleosis; avoiding contact
sports is critical to prevent the life-threatening risk of splenic rupture.
, 4. A 6-month-old infant is brought in for a fever of 102°F. The infant is alert, hydrated, and
has a normal physical exam except for the fever. What is the first-line diagnostic test?
🟢 A. Urinalysis and urine culture.
B. Chest X-ray.
C. Lumbar puncture.
D. Complete blood count with differential.
🔴 RATIONALE: In febrile infants with no identifiable source of infection, urinary tract infections
(UTIs) are the most common bacterial cause and must be ruled out first.
5. Which of the following is a legal requirement for a primary care provider regarding
suspected child abuse?
A. Ensure there is definitive proof before reporting.
B. Consult with the office manager before taking action.
🟢 C. Report any reasonable suspicion to Child Protective Services.
D. Inform the parents that a report is being filed.
🔴 RATIONALE: Healthcare providers are mandatory reporters and are legally required to report
any "reasonable suspicion" of abuse or neglect to the appropriate authorities.
6. A mother expresses concern that her 18-month-old child is not yet talking. Which is the
most appropriate initial step?
A. Order a brain MRI.
🟢 B. Refer for a formal audiology evaluation.
C. Recommend a speech therapist immediately.
D. Advise the mother to read more books to the child.
🔴 RATIONALE: Hearing loss must be ruled out as a primary cause of speech delay in any child
who is not meeting language milestones.
, 7. A 12-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of unilateral scrotal pain and a missing
cremasteric reflex. What is the priority intervention?
A. Administer intravenous antibiotics for epididymitis.
B. Order an ultrasound for a follow-up in 24 hours.
🟢 C. Immediate referral to the emergency department for surgical evaluation.
D. Apply ice packs and recommend bed rest.
🔴 RATIONALE: These symptoms are classic for testicular torsion, a surgical emergency where
the window for saving the testicle is very narrow (usually under 6 hours).
8. Which immunization is contraindicated in a child who is significantly
immunocompromised?
A. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV).
🟢 B. Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR).
C. Hepatitis B.
D. Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap).
🔴 RATIONALE: Live-attenuated vaccines, such as MMR and Varicella, are generally
contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals due to the risk of uncontrolled viral
replication.
9. A 10-year-old child presents with a "slapped-cheek" rash and a lacy, reticular rash on the
trunk. What is the causative agent?
A. Group A Streptococcus.
B. Coxsackievirus.
🟢 C. Human Parvovirus B19.
D. Epstein-Barr Virus.
🔴 RATIONALE: Erythema infectiosum, or Fifth Disease, is caused by Parvovirus B19 and is
characterized by the distinct facial rash and subsequent body rash.
