NR503 Epidemiology Final, NR 503 Epi
Final, NR 503 Epi Midterm- Questions
with COMPLETE Solutions
• Childhood risk -✓✓conditions before birth and early in childhood influence
health in adult life.
• Risk accumulation -✓✓Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of
modifiable risks for chronic disease
• Underlying determinants -✓✓a reflection of the major forces driving social,
economic, and cultural change. I.e. globalization, urbanization, population ageing,
and general policy environment
• Poverty -✓✓interconnected with chronic disease in a vicious circle increasing
exposure to risks and decreased access to health services
• Primary prevention -✓✓aims to prevent disease. I.e. banning hazardous products,
educating on healthy/safe habits, immunizations
• Secondary prevention -✓✓reduce impact of disease or injury that has already
occurred. I.e. screening tests, low-dose ASA, suitably modified work
• Tertiary prevention -✓✓aims to soften impact of ongoing illness. I.e. cardiac or
stroke rehab, support groups, vocational rehab
• Cross Cultural Health Care Program (CCHCP) -✓✓materials to improve cultural
competency among health providers to provide healthcare interventions and other
cultural variants
• Marginalization -✓✓Major cause of vulnerability referring to exposure to a range
of possible harms
• Variables at risk for marginalization -✓✓high risk health literacy, cultural
barriers, low english proficiency
,• Cultural competence -✓✓a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an
individual, system or health care agency find meaningful and useful care delivery
strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and
behavior of those whom they render care
• Norms & values -✓✓soecific practices that guide the actions and decisions of
each person in a group based on their culture. Can be learned or shared.
• Kleinman Explanatory Model -✓✓A set of questions that the APN can use in
order to assess the culture of a patient.
• Socioeconomic status -✓✓A measure that takes into account three interrelated
dimensions: a person's income level, education level, and typ of occupation.
• Disparities -✓✓a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality
experiences by one grup relative to another
• Minorities -✓✓a group of people who because of their physical or cultural
characteristics, are singled out from the other in society
• Food desert -✓✓neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to
affordable and nutritious foods
• Social determinants of health -✓✓poverty, education level, raciam, income, and
poor housisng that effect access to healthcare
• Social justice theory -✓✓the goal that all people will have equal opportunity to
healthcare access and quality of healthcare will be the same
• Data sources utilized to access determinants of health -✓✓Healthy People 2020,
US Census, US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority
Health and Health Disparities
• Accommodation -✓✓To create an environment that accomodates health practice
and ritual from other cultures within a plan of care
, • Acculturation -✓✓degree to which an individual from one culture has given up
the traits of that culture and adopted the traits of the dominant culture in which
they now reside
• Assimilation -✓✓the social, economic, and political integration of a cultural
group into mainstream society to which it may have emigrated
• Genetics -✓✓place patients at higher risk for certain disease and if family history
reveals this a screening tool could be used to determine the likelihood of a person
developing the disease
• Genetic risk assessment -✓✓when a patient is determined to have a gene that
places them at a higher risk of having a disease such as cancer, diabetes, or
cardiovascular disease
• Genomics -✓✓study of all genes in the human genome as well as their interaction
with other genes, the individuals environment, and the influence of cultural and
psychosocial factors
• Pharmacogenomics -✓✓medication efficacy, toxicity, and drug interaction based
on genetic variations
• Components of genetic risk assessment -✓✓Accurate family history for 3
generations or genetic blood testing to reveal genes
• Relationship between genetics and environment -✓✓a patient may have a gene
increasing risks of disease while also being exposed to environmental factors that
also increase risk for disease. i.e. lung cancer and radon gas
• Cultural competence -✓✓A dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an
individual, system or healthcare agency find meaningful and useful care delivery
strategies based in knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and
behavior of those to whom they tender care
• Norms and values -✓✓Specific practices that guide their actions and decisions of
each person in a group based on their culture. Can be either learned or shared.
Final, NR 503 Epi Midterm- Questions
with COMPLETE Solutions
• Childhood risk -✓✓conditions before birth and early in childhood influence
health in adult life.
• Risk accumulation -✓✓Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of
modifiable risks for chronic disease
• Underlying determinants -✓✓a reflection of the major forces driving social,
economic, and cultural change. I.e. globalization, urbanization, population ageing,
and general policy environment
• Poverty -✓✓interconnected with chronic disease in a vicious circle increasing
exposure to risks and decreased access to health services
• Primary prevention -✓✓aims to prevent disease. I.e. banning hazardous products,
educating on healthy/safe habits, immunizations
• Secondary prevention -✓✓reduce impact of disease or injury that has already
occurred. I.e. screening tests, low-dose ASA, suitably modified work
• Tertiary prevention -✓✓aims to soften impact of ongoing illness. I.e. cardiac or
stroke rehab, support groups, vocational rehab
• Cross Cultural Health Care Program (CCHCP) -✓✓materials to improve cultural
competency among health providers to provide healthcare interventions and other
cultural variants
• Marginalization -✓✓Major cause of vulnerability referring to exposure to a range
of possible harms
• Variables at risk for marginalization -✓✓high risk health literacy, cultural
barriers, low english proficiency
,• Cultural competence -✓✓a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an
individual, system or health care agency find meaningful and useful care delivery
strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and
behavior of those whom they render care
• Norms & values -✓✓soecific practices that guide the actions and decisions of
each person in a group based on their culture. Can be learned or shared.
• Kleinman Explanatory Model -✓✓A set of questions that the APN can use in
order to assess the culture of a patient.
• Socioeconomic status -✓✓A measure that takes into account three interrelated
dimensions: a person's income level, education level, and typ of occupation.
• Disparities -✓✓a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality
experiences by one grup relative to another
• Minorities -✓✓a group of people who because of their physical or cultural
characteristics, are singled out from the other in society
• Food desert -✓✓neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to
affordable and nutritious foods
• Social determinants of health -✓✓poverty, education level, raciam, income, and
poor housisng that effect access to healthcare
• Social justice theory -✓✓the goal that all people will have equal opportunity to
healthcare access and quality of healthcare will be the same
• Data sources utilized to access determinants of health -✓✓Healthy People 2020,
US Census, US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority
Health and Health Disparities
• Accommodation -✓✓To create an environment that accomodates health practice
and ritual from other cultures within a plan of care
, • Acculturation -✓✓degree to which an individual from one culture has given up
the traits of that culture and adopted the traits of the dominant culture in which
they now reside
• Assimilation -✓✓the social, economic, and political integration of a cultural
group into mainstream society to which it may have emigrated
• Genetics -✓✓place patients at higher risk for certain disease and if family history
reveals this a screening tool could be used to determine the likelihood of a person
developing the disease
• Genetic risk assessment -✓✓when a patient is determined to have a gene that
places them at a higher risk of having a disease such as cancer, diabetes, or
cardiovascular disease
• Genomics -✓✓study of all genes in the human genome as well as their interaction
with other genes, the individuals environment, and the influence of cultural and
psychosocial factors
• Pharmacogenomics -✓✓medication efficacy, toxicity, and drug interaction based
on genetic variations
• Components of genetic risk assessment -✓✓Accurate family history for 3
generations or genetic blood testing to reveal genes
• Relationship between genetics and environment -✓✓a patient may have a gene
increasing risks of disease while also being exposed to environmental factors that
also increase risk for disease. i.e. lung cancer and radon gas
• Cultural competence -✓✓A dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an
individual, system or healthcare agency find meaningful and useful care delivery
strategies based in knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and
behavior of those to whom they tender care
• Norms and values -✓✓Specific practices that guide their actions and decisions of
each person in a group based on their culture. Can be either learned or shared.
