RASMUSSEN COLLEGE MDC 2 (II) LATEST VERSION
UPDATED AND REVISED IN 2025/2026
Cancer Etiology and Genetic Risk - ANSWER ->Oncogene
activation
Chemical carcinogenesis
Physical carcinogenesis
Viral carcinogenesis
Dietary factors
Personal factors
Immune function
Advancing age
Genetic risk
,External Factors Causing Cancer - ANSWER ->Chemical
carcinogenesis
30% of cancers are related to tobacco use
Physical carcinogenesis
Radiation
Chronic irritation
Viral carcinogenesis
Oncoviruses
Personal Factors and Cancer Development - ANSWER -
>Immunity
Age
Genetic risk
Cancer Prevention - ANSWER ->Primary Prevention:
Avoidance of known carcinogens
Modifying associated risk
Removal of "at risk" tissue
Chemoprevention
Vaccination (HPV)
Secondary Prevention:
Regular screening, teitiary: Already has cancer prevent
complications
A nurse is assessing a patient with a genetic history of cancer.
Which nursing assessment finding is most concerning?
Nasal congestion for 2 weeks
Nagging cough with hoarseness
, Muscle tension in the cervical spine
Blood pressure 138/60 - ANSWER ->Nagging cough with
hoarseness
The nurse understands that normal cells and benign cells share
which characteristics? (Select all that apply.)
No migration
Orderly growth
Tight adherence
Specific morphology
Large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio - ANSWER ->All except Large
nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. In normal cells, the nucleus is
small in relation to the cytoplasm.
Which of the following does the nurse recognize as a primary
cancer prevention strategy?
Fecal occult blood annually for adults of all ages
Yearly mammography for women over 40 years
Colonoscopy at age 50 years
Removal of mole on the shoulder - ANSWER -
>Primary=Removal of mole
Oncologic Emergencies - ANSWER ->Sepsis (septicemia)=low
blood perfusion
Intravascular coagulation
SIADH
Spinal cord compression-Give high dose Corticosteroids
Hypercalcemia
Superior vena cava syndrome= high dose radiation
UPDATED AND REVISED IN 2025/2026
Cancer Etiology and Genetic Risk - ANSWER ->Oncogene
activation
Chemical carcinogenesis
Physical carcinogenesis
Viral carcinogenesis
Dietary factors
Personal factors
Immune function
Advancing age
Genetic risk
,External Factors Causing Cancer - ANSWER ->Chemical
carcinogenesis
30% of cancers are related to tobacco use
Physical carcinogenesis
Radiation
Chronic irritation
Viral carcinogenesis
Oncoviruses
Personal Factors and Cancer Development - ANSWER -
>Immunity
Age
Genetic risk
Cancer Prevention - ANSWER ->Primary Prevention:
Avoidance of known carcinogens
Modifying associated risk
Removal of "at risk" tissue
Chemoprevention
Vaccination (HPV)
Secondary Prevention:
Regular screening, teitiary: Already has cancer prevent
complications
A nurse is assessing a patient with a genetic history of cancer.
Which nursing assessment finding is most concerning?
Nasal congestion for 2 weeks
Nagging cough with hoarseness
, Muscle tension in the cervical spine
Blood pressure 138/60 - ANSWER ->Nagging cough with
hoarseness
The nurse understands that normal cells and benign cells share
which characteristics? (Select all that apply.)
No migration
Orderly growth
Tight adherence
Specific morphology
Large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio - ANSWER ->All except Large
nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. In normal cells, the nucleus is
small in relation to the cytoplasm.
Which of the following does the nurse recognize as a primary
cancer prevention strategy?
Fecal occult blood annually for adults of all ages
Yearly mammography for women over 40 years
Colonoscopy at age 50 years
Removal of mole on the shoulder - ANSWER -
>Primary=Removal of mole
Oncologic Emergencies - ANSWER ->Sepsis (septicemia)=low
blood perfusion
Intravascular coagulation
SIADH
Spinal cord compression-Give high dose Corticosteroids
Hypercalcemia
Superior vena cava syndrome= high dose radiation
