RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICAL RADIOGRAPHY/
FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 VERIFIED QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically
charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through
which it passes?
a. Ionizing radiation
b. Nonionizing radiation
c. Subatomic radiation
d. Ultrasonic radiation - ANSWER-a. Ionizing Radiation
The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
a. 1/10 of a sievert.
b. 1/100 of a sievert.
c. 1/1000 of a sievert.
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. - ANSWER-C. 1/1000 of a sievert
Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure
or practice is justified?
a. ALARA concept
b. BERT method
c. Diagnostic efficacy
d. NEXT program - ANSWER-C. Diagnostic Efficacy
Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of
the biologic effects of ionizing radiation?
a. Exposure
b. Effective dose
c. Absorbed dose
d. There is no radiation quantity that is intended to be the best overall measure of the
biologic effects of ionizing radiation. - ANSWER-B. Effective Dose
Which of the following statements below is true?
a. It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-induced malignant disease.
b. The ALARA principle establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
c. The BERT method establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
d. The NEXT program and reference values establish a dose level for radiation-induced
malignancy. - ANSWER-A. It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-
induced malignant disease.
Electromagnetic radiation travels or propagates through space in the form of a wave but
can interact with matter as a particle of energy called a photon. This dual nature is
referred to as
,a. wave attenuation capability.
b. wave-particle interchange ability.
c. wave-particle duality.
d. wave-particle phenomena. - ANSWER-C
Which of the following statements concerning the 1979 nuclear reactor accident at TMI-
2 is not true?
a. Many excess cancer deaths have been predicted to occur in the 2 million people
living within 50 miles of the plant at the time of the accident.
b. During the time of the accident, if persons living within a 100-mile radius of the
nuclear power plant received an average radiation exposure of 15 microgray, and this
dose is used as the population dose, then no more than two additional resulting cancer
deaths can be predicted in the exposed inhabitants as a consequence of radiation
exposure.
c. The average dose received by the exposed population living within a 50-mile radius
of the TMI nuclear power station at the time of the accident was determined to be 0.08
mSv, which is well below the average annual background level.
d. No melt-through of the reactor vessel resulted during the accident. - ANSWER-A
Terrestrial radiation includes which of the following sources?
a. Long-lived radioactive elements such as uranium-238, radium-226, and
thorium-232 that are present in variable quantities in the crust of the earth
b. Radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons tests in which detonation occurred
above ground
c. The sun and beyond the solar system
d. Airport surveillance systems and electron microscopes - ANSWER-A
When exposed to high radon levels in the home, which of the following groups of people
have the highest risk of developing lung
cancer?
a. Teenagers
b. Adults from 20 to 30 years of age
c. Nonsmokers
d. Smokers - ANSWER-D
In the electromagnetic spectrum, higher frequencies are associated with
a. longer wavelengths and lower energies.
b. longer wavelengths and higher energies.
c. shorter wavelengths and lower energies.
d. shorter wavelengths and higher energies. - ANSWER-D
Which of the following radiation quantities use the same unit of measure?
1. Effective dose and equivalent dose
2. Exposure and effective dose
3. Absorbed dose and equivalent dose - ANSWER-1 ONLY
, The first decay product of radium is
a. cesium.
b. radon.
c. strontium.
d. x-ray. - ANSWER-B
The mass of an alpha particle is approximately
a. two times the mass of a hydrogen atom and a negative charge of minus 2.
b. four times the mass of a hydrogen atom and a positive charge twice that of an
electron.
c. six times the mass of a hydrogen atom and a negative charge of minus 1.
d. eight times the mass of a hydrogen atom and a positive charge four times that of
an electron. - ANSWER-B
Which of the following sources of radiation is manmade?
1. Atmospheric fallout from nuclear weapons testing
2. Cosmic radiation from the sun and beyond the solar system
3. Nuclear power plant accidents as a consequence of natural disasters
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3 - ANSWER-B
Particles associated with electromagnetic radiation that have neither mass nor electric
charge are
a. ions.
b. negatrons.
c. positrons.
d. x-ray photons. - ANSWER-D
Which of the following is not a type of interaction between x-radiation and biologic
matter?
a. Compton scattering
b. Bremsstrahlung
c. Pair production
d. Photoelectric absorption - ANSWER-B
The probability of occurrence of photoelectric absorption _________ as the energy of
the incident photon decreases and the atomic
number of the irradiated atoms _________.
a. increases markedly; decreases
b. decreases markedly; increases
c. increases markedly; increases
d. stays the same; increases - ANSWER-C
FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 VERIFIED QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically
charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through
which it passes?
a. Ionizing radiation
b. Nonionizing radiation
c. Subatomic radiation
d. Ultrasonic radiation - ANSWER-a. Ionizing Radiation
The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
a. 1/10 of a sievert.
b. 1/100 of a sievert.
c. 1/1000 of a sievert.
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. - ANSWER-C. 1/1000 of a sievert
Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure
or practice is justified?
a. ALARA concept
b. BERT method
c. Diagnostic efficacy
d. NEXT program - ANSWER-C. Diagnostic Efficacy
Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of
the biologic effects of ionizing radiation?
a. Exposure
b. Effective dose
c. Absorbed dose
d. There is no radiation quantity that is intended to be the best overall measure of the
biologic effects of ionizing radiation. - ANSWER-B. Effective Dose
Which of the following statements below is true?
a. It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-induced malignant disease.
b. The ALARA principle establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
c. The BERT method establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
d. The NEXT program and reference values establish a dose level for radiation-induced
malignancy. - ANSWER-A. It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-
induced malignant disease.
Electromagnetic radiation travels or propagates through space in the form of a wave but
can interact with matter as a particle of energy called a photon. This dual nature is
referred to as
,a. wave attenuation capability.
b. wave-particle interchange ability.
c. wave-particle duality.
d. wave-particle phenomena. - ANSWER-C
Which of the following statements concerning the 1979 nuclear reactor accident at TMI-
2 is not true?
a. Many excess cancer deaths have been predicted to occur in the 2 million people
living within 50 miles of the plant at the time of the accident.
b. During the time of the accident, if persons living within a 100-mile radius of the
nuclear power plant received an average radiation exposure of 15 microgray, and this
dose is used as the population dose, then no more than two additional resulting cancer
deaths can be predicted in the exposed inhabitants as a consequence of radiation
exposure.
c. The average dose received by the exposed population living within a 50-mile radius
of the TMI nuclear power station at the time of the accident was determined to be 0.08
mSv, which is well below the average annual background level.
d. No melt-through of the reactor vessel resulted during the accident. - ANSWER-A
Terrestrial radiation includes which of the following sources?
a. Long-lived radioactive elements such as uranium-238, radium-226, and
thorium-232 that are present in variable quantities in the crust of the earth
b. Radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons tests in which detonation occurred
above ground
c. The sun and beyond the solar system
d. Airport surveillance systems and electron microscopes - ANSWER-A
When exposed to high radon levels in the home, which of the following groups of people
have the highest risk of developing lung
cancer?
a. Teenagers
b. Adults from 20 to 30 years of age
c. Nonsmokers
d. Smokers - ANSWER-D
In the electromagnetic spectrum, higher frequencies are associated with
a. longer wavelengths and lower energies.
b. longer wavelengths and higher energies.
c. shorter wavelengths and lower energies.
d. shorter wavelengths and higher energies. - ANSWER-D
Which of the following radiation quantities use the same unit of measure?
1. Effective dose and equivalent dose
2. Exposure and effective dose
3. Absorbed dose and equivalent dose - ANSWER-1 ONLY
, The first decay product of radium is
a. cesium.
b. radon.
c. strontium.
d. x-ray. - ANSWER-B
The mass of an alpha particle is approximately
a. two times the mass of a hydrogen atom and a negative charge of minus 2.
b. four times the mass of a hydrogen atom and a positive charge twice that of an
electron.
c. six times the mass of a hydrogen atom and a negative charge of minus 1.
d. eight times the mass of a hydrogen atom and a positive charge four times that of
an electron. - ANSWER-B
Which of the following sources of radiation is manmade?
1. Atmospheric fallout from nuclear weapons testing
2. Cosmic radiation from the sun and beyond the solar system
3. Nuclear power plant accidents as a consequence of natural disasters
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3 - ANSWER-B
Particles associated with electromagnetic radiation that have neither mass nor electric
charge are
a. ions.
b. negatrons.
c. positrons.
d. x-ray photons. - ANSWER-D
Which of the following is not a type of interaction between x-radiation and biologic
matter?
a. Compton scattering
b. Bremsstrahlung
c. Pair production
d. Photoelectric absorption - ANSWER-B
The probability of occurrence of photoelectric absorption _________ as the energy of
the incident photon decreases and the atomic
number of the irradiated atoms _________.
a. increases markedly; decreases
b. decreases markedly; increases
c. increases markedly; increases
d. stays the same; increases - ANSWER-C
