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A _____-______ _____-______ urine sample is usually required for any bacterial
culture. - ANSWERS-clean catch mid stream
Probably the most common specialized urine test is the _____ _____. - ANSWERS-
Pregnancy Test
Abbreviation for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - ANSWERS-hCG
Abbreviation for Uterine Chorionic Gonadotropin - ANSWERS-UCG
Increased levels of hCG are a natural marker for _____. - ANSWERS-Pregnancy
Define Hemoccult Fecal Occult Test - ANSWERS-Is used to detect hidden blood in
stool specimens. The 1st and last portion of the stool after the bowel movement usually
contain concentrations of the substances most often required for testing. In order to
conduct this test, a Hemmocult developing solution is applied to a stool specimen. Any
trace of blue that appears within the specimen is a sign of a positive result.
Define Throat Culture - ANSWERS-Are used to detect a bacterial, fungal, or ciral
infection in the throat. In order to conduct this test, the patient should be placed in a
comfortable lying or sitting position. After the patient have been asked to open their
mouth, the MA should depress the patient's tongue then vigorously swab the throat with
a sterile swab. After the specimen is collected, it should correctly labeled with the
patient's information.
,Define Sputum Specimen - ANSWERS-Is used to determine the presence of pathogens
in a patient's respiratory passage. When obtaining the specimen the MA should instruct
the patient to cough deeply, using the abdominal muscles as well as the accessory
muscles to bring up secretions from the lungs as well as the upper airways. After the
specimen is collected, it should correctly labeled with the patient's information.
Order of Draw for Capillary Specimens - ANSWERS-1. Lavender Tube
2. Tubes with other additives
3. Tubes without additives
PKU - ANSWERS-This test is ordered for infants to detect phenylketonuria, a genetic
disease that causes mental retardation and brain damage. Test is done on blood from
newborn's heel or on urine.
Order of Draw (BeCause Better Specimens Generate Perfect Goals) - ANSWERS-1.
Blood Cultures
2. Light Blue Top Tubes
3. Serum or non-additive tube (Red or Red/Gray Top Tubes)
4. Green Top Tubes
5. Lavendar Top Tubes
6. Gray Top Tubes
Define Infection Control/Chain of Infection - ANSWERS-Based on the fact that the
transmission of infectious disease will be prevented or stopped when any level in the
chain is broken or interrupted.
Define Agents - ANSWERS-Are infectious , microorganisms that can be classified into
groups namely: viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
Define Portal of Exit - ANSWERS-The method by which an infectious agent leaves it
reservoir.
,Define Standard Precautions and Transmission-Based Precautions - ANSWERS-Are
controlled measures aimed at preventing the spread of the disease as infectious agents
exit the reservoir.
Define Mode Transmission - ANSWERS-Specific ways in which microorganism travel
from the reservoir to the susceptible host.
5 Main Types of Mode Transmission: - ANSWERS--Contact: direct and indirect
-Droplet
-Airborne
-Common Vehicle
-Vectorborne
Define Portal Of Entry - ANSWERS-Allows the infectious agent access to the
susceptible host.
Common Entry Sites: - ANSWERS--Broken Skin
- Mucous Membranes
-Body systems exposed to the external environment such as the respiratory,
gastrointestinal, and reproductive.
What methods are used to limit the transmission of infectious agents: - ANSWERS--
Wound Care
-Transmission-Based Precautions
-Aseptic Technique
Define Susceptible Host - ANSWERS-The infectious agent enters a person who is not
resistant or immune. Control at this level is directed towards the identification of the
patients at risk, treat their underlying condition for susceptibility, or isolate them from the
reservoir.
, Define Medical Asepsis - ANSWERS-The destruction of pathogenic microorganisms
after them leave the body. It also involves environmental hygiene measures such as
equipment cleaning and disinfection procedures.
Define Disinfection - ANSWERS-This procedure used in medical asepsis using various
chemicals that can be used to destroy many pathogenic microorganisms. Since
chemicals can irritate skin and mucous membranes, they are only used on inanimate
objects.
Boiling water at what temperature is considered a form of disinfected: - ANSWERS-212
F
What is the ratio of bleach and water is a disinfected: - ANSWERS-1:10
Define Surgical Asepsis - ANSWERS-All microbial life, pathogens, pathogens and non-
pathogens, are destroyed before an invasive procedure is performed. Often used
interchangeably.
4 Methods of Sterilization - ANSWERS--Gas Sterilization
-Dry Heat Sterilization
-Chemical Sterilization
-Steam Sterilization
Define Gas Sterilization - ANSWERS-Often used for wheelchairs and hospital beds.
Useful in hospitals, but costly for the office.
Define Dry Heat Sterilization - ANSWERS-Requires higher temperature that steam
sterilization but longer exposure times. Used for instruments that easily corrodes.
Define Chemical Sterilization - ANSWERS-Uses the same chemical used for chemical
disinfection, but the exposure time is longer.