ECPI pharmacology exam 4 2024
questions and answers5
antibiotic therapy - ANSWERS-Help the body fight infection, signs and symptoms: elevated white
blood cells, fever, pain,
Before antibiotic therapy: obtain blood culture, urine test, wound culture.
Community associated infection - ANSWERS-An infection that was present or incubating before
the patient came in contact with health care or had a medical procedure performed
Health care-associated infections (HAIs) - ANSWERS-An infection that is acquired during the
course of receiving treatment in a health care facility
Empiric therapy - ANSWERS-Treating the patient with antibiotics without culture (broad
spectrum antibiotics)
Prophylactic therapy - ANSWERS-Taken before anticipated exposure to an infection (ex: pre-
operation)
Subtherapeutic - ANSWERS-When symptoms do not improve, cause from incorrect route of
administration, inadequate drainage, poor drug penetration, bacterial resistance
Super infection - ANSWERS-When antibiotics reduce or completely eliminate the normal
bacterial flora
Sulfonamides (starts with Sulfa) - ANSWERS-Not destroying, bacteriostatic, inhibiting growth
, Sulfa indications - ANSWERS-Often used for treatment of UTIs, do not give to "sulfa" allergy
patients
Sulfa drug interactions - ANSWERS-Decrease the effects of oral contraceptives
Beta-lactam antibiotics - ANSWERS-4 major subclasses: penicillins, cephalosporins,
carbapenems, monobactams
Penicillins - ANSWERS-Bactericidal, inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, kill variety of gram
positive and some gram negative bacteria.
Penicillin contraindications - ANSWERS-Allergies( always ask if patient has allergies) , increased
risk for allergy of cephalosporins
Penicillin adverse effects - ANSWERS-Urticaria(itching) , pruritus, angioedema,
most common effect: GI symptoms,
suspect of any reaction: STOP IV (anaphylaxis)
Penicillin interactions - ANSWERS-Interferes with oral contraceptives, warfarin increases
anticoagulant effects (more bleeding)
Cephalosporin "Cef" - ANSWERS-Cross sensitivity with penicillin, 5 generations
CefAzolin (Ancef) - ANSWERS-1st generation against gram negative bacteria (A is the 1st letter of
alphabet)
CefTRIaxone (Rocephin) - ANSWERS-3rd generation > treating meningitis (east to pass blood
brain barrier) given by IV or IM
questions and answers5
antibiotic therapy - ANSWERS-Help the body fight infection, signs and symptoms: elevated white
blood cells, fever, pain,
Before antibiotic therapy: obtain blood culture, urine test, wound culture.
Community associated infection - ANSWERS-An infection that was present or incubating before
the patient came in contact with health care or had a medical procedure performed
Health care-associated infections (HAIs) - ANSWERS-An infection that is acquired during the
course of receiving treatment in a health care facility
Empiric therapy - ANSWERS-Treating the patient with antibiotics without culture (broad
spectrum antibiotics)
Prophylactic therapy - ANSWERS-Taken before anticipated exposure to an infection (ex: pre-
operation)
Subtherapeutic - ANSWERS-When symptoms do not improve, cause from incorrect route of
administration, inadequate drainage, poor drug penetration, bacterial resistance
Super infection - ANSWERS-When antibiotics reduce or completely eliminate the normal
bacterial flora
Sulfonamides (starts with Sulfa) - ANSWERS-Not destroying, bacteriostatic, inhibiting growth
, Sulfa indications - ANSWERS-Often used for treatment of UTIs, do not give to "sulfa" allergy
patients
Sulfa drug interactions - ANSWERS-Decrease the effects of oral contraceptives
Beta-lactam antibiotics - ANSWERS-4 major subclasses: penicillins, cephalosporins,
carbapenems, monobactams
Penicillins - ANSWERS-Bactericidal, inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, kill variety of gram
positive and some gram negative bacteria.
Penicillin contraindications - ANSWERS-Allergies( always ask if patient has allergies) , increased
risk for allergy of cephalosporins
Penicillin adverse effects - ANSWERS-Urticaria(itching) , pruritus, angioedema,
most common effect: GI symptoms,
suspect of any reaction: STOP IV (anaphylaxis)
Penicillin interactions - ANSWERS-Interferes with oral contraceptives, warfarin increases
anticoagulant effects (more bleeding)
Cephalosporin "Cef" - ANSWERS-Cross sensitivity with penicillin, 5 generations
CefAzolin (Ancef) - ANSWERS-1st generation against gram negative bacteria (A is the 1st letter of
alphabet)
CefTRIaxone (Rocephin) - ANSWERS-3rd generation > treating meningitis (east to pass blood
brain barrier) given by IV or IM
