Psych prenatal development and birth chapter 3 EXAM NEWEST EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!

Psych prenatal development and birth chapter 3 EXAM NEWEST EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!! What does prenatal development include (and how long) - Answer- begins with fertilization and ends with birth -about 266-280 days/38-40 weeks 3 periods of prenatal development, their term for development, and the time period - Answer- nal-zygote-conception to 2 weeks 2. embryonic-embryo-3-8th week 3. fetal-fetus-9th week-birth What does the germinal period start with? - Answer- conception When does germinal period begin? What is fertilization? - Answer- beings at conception through a process called fertilization: sperm and egg cell unite in 1 of the 2 fallopian tubes What is a zygote? Where does it move after fertilization in the fallopian tube - Answer- a fertilized egg that has a full complement of human genetic material. After fertilization in the fallopian tube, the zygote moves toward the uterus (takes about a week to complete) what is blastocyst? how many cells and how many layers? - Answer- zygote has reached the uterus and experiences rapid cell division -64-128 cells -2 layers explain the 2 layers of blastocyst - Answer- inner mass: cells eventually become embryo outer layer: trophoblast-a layer that later provides nutrition and support for embryo what is implementation and about when does it take place? - Answer- the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall -takes about 11 to 15 days after conception -last stage of the germinal period what are the sex differences in conception, for miscarriage, and through the life span? about what age is the proportion of males to females about equal? - Answer- -about 120-150 males are conceived for every 100 females because sperm bearing the Y chromosome are lighter and swim faster to the egg than those bearing an X chromosome -male embryos are miscarried at higher rates, boys more vulnerable to developmental disorders, and males in general are more vulnerable to illness throughout the life span -at 18 years they are about the same what weeks does the embryonic period include? what is generally included in this period? (4) - Answer- 3rd-8th week -rate of cell differentiation intensifies -major development in the organs and systems of the body -cell division, cell migration, cell differentiation, cell death, hormonal influences -support systems for cells form/organs appear what is an embryo? - Answer- when blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall (implementation) the mass of cells is now called an embryo what are the 3 layers of cells in the embryo - Answer- erm erm erm what will the endoderm layer develop into (parts?systems?) - Answer- inner layer of cells -develop into internal body parts -digestive and respiratory systems what will the mesoderm layer develop into - Answer- middle layer of cells -develop into parts that surround the internal areas -becomes the circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory system, and reproductive system what will the ectoderm layer develop into - Answer- outermost layer -develop into the surface parts -becomes nervous system, brain, sensory receptors (ears, nose, eyes) and skin parts (hair/nails) explain the 2 patterns of development in the embryonic period - Answer- locaudal development (head to body): areas near the head develop earlier and faster than those farther away maldistal development: development starts in the center areas and proceeds to more distal areas what do the amnion, umbilical cord, and placenta have in common? - Answer- all of these are life support systems define amnion - Answer- bag containing clear fluid in which developing embryo floats -provides environment that is temperature/humidity controlled and shock proof define umbilical cord (2 big things-what does it connect and what does it contain) - Answer- tube that contains blood vessels that travel from the placenta to the developing organism and back again -contains 2 arteries and one vein and connects the baby to the placenta define placenta - Answer- disk shaped group of tissues which small blood vessels from the mother and offspring intertwine but do not join -permits exchange of materials between the bloodstream of the fetus and that of the mother why is the placenta semipermeable? - Answer- it allows nutrients and gasses to pass through what passes from the mother to the developing baby and what doesn't what passes from the developing baby to the mother? - Answer- passes: very small molecules (oxygen, water, salt, nutrition from mom; any drug/chemical substance) doesn't: large molecules (red blood cells, most bacteria, maternal wastes) from baby to mom: carbon-dioxide, digestive wastes) what is organogenesis - Answer- process of organ formation during the first 2 months of prenatal development, organs are especially vulnerable to environmental changes while they are being formed what are 2 important developmental milestones of the embryonic period and at what week does each occur? - Answer- 3rd: neural tube 4th: heart beat what is the neural tube? what will it eventually become - Answer- a u-shaped groove tube that closes at top and bottom at about day 24 (forms at day 18 from ectoderm) and eventually becomes brain and spinal cord what are 3 things that happen to the embryo at weeks 5-6 - Answer- beginning of an eye is seen, face is forming, spontaneous movement occurs what weeks does the fetal period include?how big is it at the beginning of this stage? - Answer- 9th week-birth, about an inch long how big is the average north american baby at birth(length and weight) - Answer- 20 inches long 7.5 pounds what are 5 important developmental milestones at the fetal and at what weeks (9th, 12th, 18th, 24th, 32nd) - Answer- 9th week: all internal organs present 12th week: sex is distinguishable 18th-20th week: mother can begin to feel baby move and hear heart beat 24th-25th: brain and lungs sufficiently developed so that if born at this time it has a chance of survival 32nd: prenatal learning (responds to sound, central nervous system developed enough so that learning and memory can occur