MHA 701 FINAL EXAM – Questions With Verified
Solutions
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Terms in this set (142)
Organizational Behavior OB is an applied behavioral science that emerged
from the disciplines of psychology, sociology,
anthropology, political science, and economics. The
study of individual and group dynamics in an
organizational setting.
Helps managers predict behavior and influence
outcomes.
Questions of OB Why do people behave the way they do?
Under what circumstances will behavior change?
How do organizations impact individual, formal
group, and informal group behavior?
Why do different groups in the same organization
develop different norms?
Goals of OB Explain behavior in organizational settings.
Predict behavior based on internal and external
factors.
Provide tools for managers to effectively motivate
and lead individuals and groups.
History of OB Beginnings of OB can be found in the human
relations/behavioral management movement
beginning in 1920s as a response to the traditional or
classic management approach.
,What was the driving force of OB? The Industrial Revolution was the driving force for
the development of large factories employing many
workers. Managers concerned with how to increase
productivity (Taylorism).
Hawthorne Studies Significant development of OB because the
researchers demonstrated the important influence of
human factors on work productivity.
Bias that occurs when people know they are being
studied.
Types of Experiments with Hawthorne Illumination experiments
Studies
Relay-assembly group experiments
Bank-wiring observation room group studies
Interviewing program
Theory X (negative/pessimistic) (Authoritarian) employees
are unintelligent and lazy. Dislike work. Employees
should be closely controlled.
Theory Y (positive/optimistic) (Participative/Empowering):
Employees are creative and competent. Meaningful
work. Want to contribute.
Managers belief about employees shape behavior-
self fulfilling prophecy.
Diversity The fact or quality of being diverse: difference, and a
point in which things differ. The full range of human
similarities and differences in group affiliation
including gender, race/ethnicity, social class, role
within an organization, age, religion, sexual
orientation, physical ability, and other group
identities.
, Equity Providing fair treatment, access, opportunity, and
advancement for all people while at the same time
striving to identify and eliminate barriers that have
prevented full participation of some groups.
Inclusion Act of creating environments in which any individual
or group can feel welcomed, respected, and
supported and can fully participate. Allows people
to have a sense of belonging.
Ageism any attitude, action, or institutional structure, which
subordinates a person or group because of age or
any assignment of roles on society purely on the
basis of age.
Implications for the Health Care Both the workforce and patient population will
Industry become increasingly diverse over time.
Increased need for health care services as the
population continues to age.
Lack of younger and diverse workers entering health
care professions.
Lack of women, LGBTQ people, and people of
different ethnicities/nationalities in health care
leadership roles.
Diversity Management A strategic process focused on building skills and
policies that address the changing demographics of
both the workforce and patient population.
Cultural Competency A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies
that come together in a system, agency, or among
professionals that enables effective work in cross-
cultural situations.
Solutions
Save Groups
Terms in this set (142)
Organizational Behavior OB is an applied behavioral science that emerged
from the disciplines of psychology, sociology,
anthropology, political science, and economics. The
study of individual and group dynamics in an
organizational setting.
Helps managers predict behavior and influence
outcomes.
Questions of OB Why do people behave the way they do?
Under what circumstances will behavior change?
How do organizations impact individual, formal
group, and informal group behavior?
Why do different groups in the same organization
develop different norms?
Goals of OB Explain behavior in organizational settings.
Predict behavior based on internal and external
factors.
Provide tools for managers to effectively motivate
and lead individuals and groups.
History of OB Beginnings of OB can be found in the human
relations/behavioral management movement
beginning in 1920s as a response to the traditional or
classic management approach.
,What was the driving force of OB? The Industrial Revolution was the driving force for
the development of large factories employing many
workers. Managers concerned with how to increase
productivity (Taylorism).
Hawthorne Studies Significant development of OB because the
researchers demonstrated the important influence of
human factors on work productivity.
Bias that occurs when people know they are being
studied.
Types of Experiments with Hawthorne Illumination experiments
Studies
Relay-assembly group experiments
Bank-wiring observation room group studies
Interviewing program
Theory X (negative/pessimistic) (Authoritarian) employees
are unintelligent and lazy. Dislike work. Employees
should be closely controlled.
Theory Y (positive/optimistic) (Participative/Empowering):
Employees are creative and competent. Meaningful
work. Want to contribute.
Managers belief about employees shape behavior-
self fulfilling prophecy.
Diversity The fact or quality of being diverse: difference, and a
point in which things differ. The full range of human
similarities and differences in group affiliation
including gender, race/ethnicity, social class, role
within an organization, age, religion, sexual
orientation, physical ability, and other group
identities.
, Equity Providing fair treatment, access, opportunity, and
advancement for all people while at the same time
striving to identify and eliminate barriers that have
prevented full participation of some groups.
Inclusion Act of creating environments in which any individual
or group can feel welcomed, respected, and
supported and can fully participate. Allows people
to have a sense of belonging.
Ageism any attitude, action, or institutional structure, which
subordinates a person or group because of age or
any assignment of roles on society purely on the
basis of age.
Implications for the Health Care Both the workforce and patient population will
Industry become increasingly diverse over time.
Increased need for health care services as the
population continues to age.
Lack of younger and diverse workers entering health
care professions.
Lack of women, LGBTQ people, and people of
different ethnicities/nationalities in health care
leadership roles.
Diversity Management A strategic process focused on building skills and
policies that address the changing demographics of
both the workforce and patient population.
Cultural Competency A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies
that come together in a system, agency, or among
professionals that enables effective work in cross-
cultural situations.
